FindMPI: Update documentation

- Added intro code block showing how to use this module.
- Added "Components" section.
- Added "Examples" section.
- Restructured and synced module sections and their descriptions with
  other similar find modules.
- Updated deprecated variables section with versions where these
  variables got first deprecated (some of them in 2.8.5).
This commit is contained in:
Peter Kokot
2025-08-15 05:58:22 +02:00
parent d4113f8288
commit 66be29e3e0

View File

@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@
FindMPI
-------
Find a Message Passing Interface (MPI) implementation.
Finds a Message Passing Interface (MPI) implementation:
.. code-block:: cmake
find_package(MPI [<version>] [COMPONENTS <langs>...] [...])
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a library used to write
high-performance distributed-memory parallel applications, and is
@@ -14,253 +18,409 @@ by the MPI forum) for which many implementations are available.
.. versionadded:: 3.10
Major overhaul of the module: many new variables, per-language components,
support for a wider variety of runtimes.
and support for a wider variety of runtimes.
Variables for using MPI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Components
^^^^^^^^^^
The module exposes the components ``C``, ``CXX``, ``MPICXX`` and ``Fortran``.
Each of these controls the various MPI languages to search for.
The difference between ``CXX`` and ``MPICXX`` is that ``CXX`` refers to the
MPI C API being usable from C++, whereas ``MPICXX`` refers to the MPI-2 C++ API
that was removed again in MPI-3.
This module supports optional components that can be specified with the
:command:`find_package` command to control which MPI languages to search
for:
Depending on the enabled components the following variables will be set:
.. code-block:: cmake
find_package(MPI [COMPONENTS <langs>...])
Supported components include:
``C``
.. versionadded:: 3.10
Finds MPI C API.
``CXX``
.. versionadded:: 3.10
Finds the MPI C API that is usable from C++.
``MPICXX``
.. versionadded:: 3.10
Finds the MPI-2 C++ API that was removed in MPI-3.
``Fortran``
.. versionadded:: 3.10
Finds the MPI Fortran API.
If no components are specified, module searches for the ``C``, ``CXX``, and
``Fortran`` components automatically, depending on which languages are
enabled in the project.
Imported Targets
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This module provides the following :ref:`Imported Targets`:
``MPI::MPI_<lang>``
.. versionadded:: 3.9
Target encapsulating usage requirements for using MPI from language
``<lang>``, available if MPI is found. The ``<lang>`` is a specified
component name as listed above.
Result Variables
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This module defines the following variables:
``MPI_FOUND``
Variable indicating that MPI settings for all requested languages have been found.
If no components are specified, this is true if MPI settings for all enabled languages
were detected. Note that the ``MPICXX`` component does not affect this variable.
``MPI_VERSION``
Minimal version of MPI detected among the requested languages, or all enabled languages
if no components were specified.
Boolean variable indicating that MPI settings for all requested components
(languages) have been found. If no components are specified, this is
true if MPI settings for all enabled languages were detected. Note that
the ``MPICXX`` component does not affect this variable.
This module will set the following variables per language in your
project, where ``<lang>`` is one of C, CXX, or Fortran:
``MPI_VERSION``
Minimal version of MPI detected among the requested languages, or all
enabled languages if no components were specified.
This module will set the following variables per language in CMake project,
where ``<lang>`` is one of C, CXX, or Fortran:
``MPI_<lang>_FOUND``
Variable indicating the MPI settings for ``<lang>`` were found and that
simple MPI test programs compile with the provided settings.
Boolean variable indicating the MPI settings for ``<lang>`` were found
and that simple MPI test programs compile with the provided settings.
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILER``
MPI compiler for ``<lang>`` if such a program exists.
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_OPTIONS``
Compilation options for MPI programs in ``<lang>``, given as a :ref:`;-list <CMake Language Lists>`.
Compilation options for MPI programs in ``<lang>``, given as a
:ref:`semicolon-separated list <CMake Language Lists>`.
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS``
Compilation definitions for MPI programs in ``<lang>``, given as a :ref:`;-list <CMake Language Lists>`.
Compilation definitions for MPI programs in ``<lang>``, given as a
:ref:`semicolon-separated list <CMake Language Lists>`.
``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_DIRS``
Include path(s) for MPI header.
``MPI_<lang>_LINK_FLAGS``
Linker flags for MPI programs.
``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES``
All libraries to link MPI programs against.
.. versionadded:: 3.9
Additionally, the following :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets are defined:
``MPI::MPI_<lang>``
Target for using MPI from ``<lang>``.
The following variables indicating which bindings are present will be defined:
The following variables indicating which bindings are present will be
defined:
``MPI_MPICXX_FOUND``
Variable indicating whether the MPI-2 C++ bindings are present (introduced in MPI-2, removed with MPI-3).
Boolean variable indicating whether the MPI-2 C++ bindings are present
(introduced in MPI-2, removed with MPI-3).
``MPI_Fortran_HAVE_F77_HEADER``
True if the Fortran 77 header ``mpif.h`` is available.
True if the Fortran 77 header ``<mpif.h>`` is available.
``MPI_Fortran_HAVE_F90_MODULE``
True if the Fortran 90 module ``mpi`` can be used for accessing MPI (MPI-2 and higher only).
True if the Fortran 90 module ``mpi`` can be used for accessing MPI (MPI-2
and higher only).
``MPI_Fortran_HAVE_F08_MODULE``
True if the Fortran 2008 ``mpi_f08`` is available to MPI programs (MPI-3 and higher only).
True if the Fortran 2008 ``mpi_f08`` is available to MPI programs (MPI-3
and higher only).
If possible, the MPI version will be determined by this module. The facilities to detect the MPI version
were introduced with MPI-1.2, and therefore cannot be found for older MPI versions.
If possible, the MPI version will be determined by this module. The
facilities to detect the MPI version were introduced with MPI-1.2, and
therefore cannot be found for older MPI versions.
``MPI_<lang>_VERSION_MAJOR``
Major version of MPI implemented for ``<lang>`` by the MPI distribution.
``MPI_<lang>_VERSION_MINOR``
Minor version of MPI implemented for ``<lang>`` by the MPI distribution.
``MPI_<lang>_VERSION``
MPI version implemented for ``<lang>`` by the MPI distribution.
Note that there's no variable for the C bindings being accessible through ``mpi.h``, since the MPI standards
always have required this binding to work in both C and C++ code.
``MPI_<lang>_VERSION_MAJOR``
Major version of MPI implemented for ``<lang>`` by the MPI distribution.
For running MPI programs, the module sets the following variables
``MPI_<lang>_VERSION_MINOR``
Minor version of MPI implemented for ``<lang>`` by the MPI distribution.
Note that there's no variable for the C bindings being accessible through
``<mpi.h>``, since the MPI standards always have required this binding to
work in both C and C++ code.
For running MPI programs, the module sets the following variables:
``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE``
Executable for running MPI programs, if such exists.
``MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG``
Flag to pass to ``mpiexec`` before giving it the number of processors to run on.
Flag to pass to ``mpiexec`` before giving it the number of processors to
run on.
``MPIEXEC_MAX_NUMPROCS``
Number of MPI processors to utilize. Defaults to the number
of processors detected on the host system.
Number of MPI processors to utilize. Defaults to the number of
processors detected on the host system.
``MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS``
Flags to pass to ``mpiexec`` directly before the executable to run.
``MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS``
Flags to pass to ``mpiexec`` after other flags.
Variables for locating MPI
Variables for Locating MPI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This module performs a four step search for an MPI implementation:
This module performs a four-step search for an MPI implementation:
1. Search for ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` and, if found, use its base directory.
2. Check if the compiler has MPI support built-in. This is the case if the user passed a
compiler wrapper as ``CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER`` or if they use Cray system compiler wrappers.
3. Attempt to find an MPI compiler wrapper and determine the compiler information from it.
4. Try to find an MPI implementation that does not ship such a wrapper by guessing settings.
Currently, only Microsoft MPI and MPICH2 on Windows are supported.
1. Searches for ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` and, if found, uses its base
directory.
2. Checks if the compiler has MPI support built-in. This is the case if
the user passed a compiler wrapper as :variable:`CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER`
or if they use Cray system compiler wrappers.
3. Attempts to find an MPI compiler wrapper and determines the compiler
information from it.
4. Tries to find an MPI implementation that does not ship such a wrapper by
guessing settings. Currently, only Microsoft MPI and MPICH2 on Windows
are supported.
For controlling the ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` step, the following variables may be set:
For controlling the ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` step, the following variables
may be set:
``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE``
Manually specify the location of ``mpiexec``.
``MPI_HOME``
Specify the base directory of the MPI installation.
``ENV{MPI_HOME}``
Environment variable to specify the base directory of the MPI installation.
``ENV{I_MPI_ROOT}``
Environment variable to specify the base directory of the MPI installation.
For controlling the compiler wrapper step, the following variables may be set:
For controlling the compiler wrapper step, the following variables may be
set:
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILER``
Search for the specified compiler wrapper and use it.
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILER_FLAGS``
Flags to pass to the MPI compiler wrapper during interrogation. Some compiler wrappers
support linking debug or tracing libraries if a specific flag is passed and this variable
may be used to obtain them.
Flags to pass to the MPI compiler wrapper during interrogation. Some
compiler wrappers support linking debug or tracing libraries if a specific
flag is passed and this variable may be used to obtain them.
``MPI_COMPILER_FLAGS``
Used to initialize ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILER_FLAGS`` if no language specific flag has been given.
Empty by default.
Used to initialize ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILER_FLAGS`` if no language specific
flag has been given. Empty by default.
``MPI_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX``
A suffix which is appended to all names that are being looked for. For instance you may set this
to ``.mpich`` or ``.openmpi`` to prefer the one or the other on Debian and its derivatives.
A suffix which is appended to all names that are being looked for. For
instance, it may be set to ``.mpich`` or ``.openmpi`` to prefer the one
or the other on Debian and its derivatives.
In order to control the guessing step, the following variable may be set:
``MPI_GUESS_LIBRARY_NAME``
Valid values are ``MSMPI`` and ``MPICH2``. If set, only the given library will be searched for.
By default, ``MSMPI`` will be preferred over ``MPICH2`` if both are available.
This also sets ``MPI_SKIP_COMPILER_WRAPPER`` to ``true``, which may be overridden.
Valid values are ``MSMPI`` and ``MPICH2``. If set, only the given library
will be searched for. By default, ``MSMPI`` will be preferred over
``MPICH2`` if both are available. This also sets
``MPI_SKIP_COMPILER_WRAPPER`` variable to ``true``, which may be
overridden.
Each of the search steps may be skipped with the following control variables:
``MPI_ASSUME_NO_BUILTIN_MPI``
If true, the module assumes that the compiler itself does not provide an MPI implementation and
skips to step 2.
If true, the module assumes that the compiler itself does not provide an
MPI implementation and skips to step 2.
``MPI_SKIP_COMPILER_WRAPPER``
If true, no compiler wrapper will be searched for.
``MPI_SKIP_GUESSING``
If true, the guessing step will be skipped.
Additionally, the following control variable is available to change search behavior:
Additionally, the following control variable is available to change search
behavior:
``MPI_CXX_SKIP_MPICXX``
Add some definitions that will disable the MPI-2 C++ bindings.
Currently supported are MPICH, Open MPI, Platform MPI and derivatives thereof,
for example MVAPICH or Intel MPI.
Currently supported are MPICH, Open MPI, Platform MPI and derivatives
thereof, for example, MVAPICH or Intel MPI.
If the find procedure fails for a variable ``MPI_<lang>_WORKS``, then the settings detected by or passed to
the module did not work and even a simple MPI test program failed to compile.
If the find procedure fails for the module's internal variable
``MPI_<lang>_WORKS``, then the settings detected by or passed to the module
did not work and even a simple MPI test program failed to compile.
If all of these parameters were not sufficient to find the right MPI implementation, a user may
disable the entire autodetection process by specifying both a list of libraries in ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES``
and a list of include directories in ``MPI_<lang>_ADDITIONAL_INCLUDE_DIRS``.
Any other variable may be set in addition to these two. The module will then validate the MPI settings and store the
settings in the cache.
If all of these parameters were not sufficient to find the right MPI
implementation, a user may disable the entire autodetection process by
specifying both a list of libraries in ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES`` and a list
of include directories in ``MPI_<lang>_ADDITIONAL_INCLUDE_DIRS``. Any other
variable may be set in addition to these two. The module will then validate
the MPI settings and store the settings in the cache.
Cache variables for MPI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Cache Variables
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The variable ``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_DIRS`` will be assembled from the
following variables.
The variable ``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_DIRS`` will be assembled from the following variables.
For C and CXX:
``MPI_<lang>_HEADER_DIR``
Location of the ``mpi.h`` header on disk.
Location of the ``<mpi.h>`` header on disk.
For Fortran:
``MPI_Fortran_F77_HEADER_DIR``
Location of the Fortran 77 header ``mpif.h``, if it exists.
Location of the Fortran 77 header ``<mpif.h>``, if it exists.
``MPI_Fortran_MODULE_DIR``
Location of the ``mpi`` or ``mpi_f08`` modules, if available.
For all languages the following variables are additionally considered:
``MPI_<lang>_ADDITIONAL_INCLUDE_DIRS``
A :ref:`;-list <CMake Language Lists>` of paths needed in addition to the normal include directories.
``MPI_<include_name>_INCLUDE_DIR``
Path variables for include folders referred to by ``<include_name>``.
A :ref:`semicolon-separated list <CMake Language Lists>` of paths needed
in addition to the normal include directories.
``MPI_<include-name>_INCLUDE_DIR``
Path variables for include folders referred to by ``<include-name>``.
``MPI_<lang>_ADDITIONAL_INCLUDE_VARS``
A :ref:`;-list <CMake Language Lists>` of ``<include_name>`` that will be added to the include locations of ``<lang>``.
A :ref:`semicolon-separated list <CMake Language Lists>` of
``<include-name>`` that will be added to the include locations of
``<lang>``.
The variable ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES`` will be assembled from the following variables:
The variable ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES`` will be assembled from the following
variables:
``MPI_<lib-name>_LIBRARY``
The location of a library called ``<lib-name>`` for use with MPI.
``MPI_<lib_name>_LIBRARY``
The location of a library called ``<lib_name>`` for use with MPI.
``MPI_<lang>_LIB_NAMES``
A :ref:`;-list <CMake Language Lists>` of ``<lib_name>`` that will be added to the include locations of ``<lang>``.
A :ref:`semicolon-separated list <CMake Language Lists>` of ``<lib-name>``
that will be added to the include locations of ``<lang>``.
Usage of mpiexec
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Advanced Variables for Using MPI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When using ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` to execute MPI applications, you should typically
use all of the ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` flags as follows:
The module can perform some advanced feature detections upon explicit
request.
.. note::
The following checks cannot be performed without *executing* an MPI test
program. Consider the special considerations for the behavior of
:command:`try_run` during cross compilation. Moreover, running an MPI
program can cause additional issues, like a firewall notification on some
systems. These detections should be only enabled if information is
absolutely needed.
If the following variables are set to true, the respective search will be
performed:
``MPI_DETERMINE_Fortran_CAPABILITIES``
Determine for all available Fortran bindings what the values of
``MPI_SUBARRAYS_SUPPORTED`` and ``MPI_ASYNC_PROTECTS_NONBLOCKING`` are
and make their values available as ``MPI_Fortran_<binding>_SUBARRAYS``
and ``MPI_Fortran_<binding>_ASYNCPROT``, where ``<binding>`` is one of
``F77_HEADER``, ``F90_MODULE`` and ``F08_MODULE``.
``MPI_DETERMINE_LIBRARY_VERSION``
For each language, find the output of ``MPI_Get_library_version`` and
make it available as ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARY_VERSION_STRING``. This
information is usually tied to the runtime component of an MPI
implementation and might differ depending on ``<lang>``.
Note that the return value is entirely implementation defined. This
information might be used to identify the MPI vendor and for example pick
the correct one of multiple third party binaries that matches the MPI
vendor.
Deprecated Variables
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The following variables are provided for backward compatibility:
``MPI_COMPILER``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILER`` instead.
``MPI_LIBRARY``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES`` instead.
``MPI_EXTRA_LIBRARY``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES`` instead.
``MPI_COMPILE_FLAGS``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_OPTIONS`` and ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS``
instead.
``MPI_INCLUDE_PATH``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_DIRS`` instead.
``MPI_LINK_FLAGS``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_LINK_FLAGS`` instead.
``MPI_LIBRARIES``
.. deprecated:: 2.8.5
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARIES`` instead.
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_FLAGS``
.. deprecated:: 3.10
Use the ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_OPTIONS`` and
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS`` instead.
``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_PATH``
.. deprecated:: 3.10
For consumption use ``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_DIRS`` and for specifying
folders use ``MPI_<lang>_ADDITIONAL_INCLUDE_DIRS`` instead.
``MPIEXEC``
.. deprecated:: 3.10
Use ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` instead.
Examples
^^^^^^^^
Example: Basic Usage
""""""""""""""""""""
Finding MPI and linking imported target to project target:
.. code-block:: cmake
${MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE} ${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG} ${MPIEXEC_MAX_NUMPROCS}
${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS} EXECUTABLE ${MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS} ARGS
find_package(MPI)
target_link_libraries(example PRIVATE MPI::MPI_C)
where ``EXECUTABLE`` is the MPI program, and ``ARGS`` are the arguments to
pass to the MPI program.
Example: Usage of mpiexec
"""""""""""""""""""""""""
Advanced variables for using MPI
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When using ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` to execute MPI applications, typically
all of the ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` flags should be used as follows.
The module can perform some advanced feature detections upon explicit request.
In the following example, the command is executed in a process.
``<executable>`` should be replaced with the MPI program, and ``<args>``
with the arguments to pass to the MPI program.
**Important notice:** The following checks cannot be performed without *executing* an MPI test program.
Consider the special considerations for the behavior of :command:`try_run` during cross compilation.
Moreover, running an MPI program can cause additional issues, like a firewall notification on some systems.
You should only enable these detections if you absolutely need the information.
.. code-block:: cmake
If the following variables are set to true, the respective search will be performed:
find_package(MPI)
``MPI_DETERMINE_Fortran_CAPABILITIES``
Determine for all available Fortran bindings what the values of ``MPI_SUBARRAYS_SUPPORTED`` and
``MPI_ASYNC_PROTECTS_NONBLOCKING`` are and make their values available as ``MPI_Fortran_<binding>_SUBARRAYS``
and ``MPI_Fortran_<binding>_ASYNCPROT``, where ``<binding>`` is one of ``F77_HEADER``, ``F90_MODULE`` and
``F08_MODULE``.
``MPI_DETERMINE_LIBRARY_VERSION``
For each language, find the output of ``MPI_Get_library_version`` and make it available as ``MPI_<lang>_LIBRARY_VERSION_STRING``.
This information is usually tied to the runtime component of an MPI implementation and might differ depending on ``<lang>``.
Note that the return value is entirely implementation defined. This information might be used to identify
the MPI vendor and for example pick the correct one of multiple third party binaries that matches the MPI vendor.
Backward Compatibility
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. deprecated:: 3.10
For backward compatibility with older versions of FindMPI, these
variables are set:
::
MPI_COMPILER MPI_LIBRARY MPI_EXTRA_LIBRARY
MPI_COMPILE_FLAGS MPI_INCLUDE_PATH MPI_LINK_FLAGS
MPI_LIBRARIES
In new projects, please use the ``MPI_<lang>_XXX`` equivalents.
Additionally, the following variables are deprecated:
``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_FLAGS``
Use ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_OPTIONS`` and ``MPI_<lang>_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS`` instead.
``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_PATH``
For consumption use ``MPI_<lang>_INCLUDE_DIRS`` and for specifying folders use ``MPI_<lang>_ADDITIONAL_INCLUDE_DIRS`` instead.
``MPIEXEC``
Use ``MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE`` instead.
if(MPI_FOUND)
execute_process(
COMMAND
${MPIEXEC_EXECUTABLE}
${MPIEXEC_NUMPROC_FLAG}
${MPIEXEC_MAX_NUMPROCS}
${MPIEXEC_PREFLAGS}
<executable>
${MPIEXEC_POSTFLAGS}
<args>
)
endif()
#]=======================================================================]
cmake_policy(PUSH)
@@ -982,7 +1142,7 @@ function(_MPI_guess_settings LANG)
# Our strategy is now to locate all libraries, but enter msmpifec into the LIB_NAMES array.
# Should this not be adequate it's a straightforward way for a user to change the LIB_NAMES array and
# have his library found. Still, this should not be necessary outside of exceptional cases, as reasoned.
# have their library found. Still, this should not be necessary outside of exceptional cases, as reasoned.
if (LANG STREQUAL "Fortran")
set(MPI_MSMPI_CALLINGCONVS c)
if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL "4")