mirror of
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Merge topic 'tutorial-iface-order'
c6a426198a Tutorial: Move Step4-Ex1 to Step3-Ex2
Acked-by: Kitware Robot <kwrobot@kitware.com>
Merge-request: !8417
This commit is contained in:
@@ -27,168 +27,7 @@ expressions are the ``0`` and ``1`` expressions. A ``$<0:...>`` results in the
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empty string, and ``<1:...>`` results in the content of ``...``. They can also
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be nested.
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Exercise 1 - Setting the C++ Standard with Interface Libraries
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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|
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Before we use :manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`
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let's refactor our existing code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library. We will
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use that library in the next step to demonstrate a common use for
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:manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`.
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Goal
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----
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Add an ``INTERFACE`` library target to specify the required C++ standard.
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Helpful Resources
|
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-----------------
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* :command:`add_library`
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* :command:`target_compile_features`
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* :command:`target_link_libraries`
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Files to Edit
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-------------
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* ``CMakeLists.txt``
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* ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
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|
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Getting Started
|
||||
---------------
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||||
|
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In this exercise, we will refactor our code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library to
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specify the C++ standard.
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|
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The starting source code is provided in the ``Step4`` directory. In this
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exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 3``.
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Start by editing the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file. Construct an
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``INTERFACE`` library target called ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` and
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specify ``cxx_std_11`` as a target compiler feature.
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Modify ``CMakeLists.txt`` and ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` so that all
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targets have a :command:`target_link_libraries` call to
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``tutorial_compiler_flags``.
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Build and Run
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-------------
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Make a new directory called ``Step4_build``, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>`
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executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project
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and then build it with your chosen build tool or by using ``cmake --build .``
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from the build directory.
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Here's a refresher of what that looks like from the command line:
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.. code-block:: console
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mkdir Step4_build
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cd Step4_build
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cmake ../Step4
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cmake --build .
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Next, use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and verify that it is working as
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expected.
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Solution
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--------
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Let's update our code from the previous step to use interface libraries
|
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to set our C++ requirements.
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|
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To start, we need to remove the two :command:`set` calls on the variables
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:variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`.
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The specific lines to remove are as follows:
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.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-CXX_STANDARD-variable-remove
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
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:end-before: # TODO 6: Create helper variables
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Next, we need to create an interface library, ``tutorial_compiler_flags``. And
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then use :command:`target_compile_features` to add the compiler feature
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``cxx_std_11``.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-cxx_std-feature
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
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:end-before: # add compiler warning flags just
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|
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.. raw:: html
|
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|
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</details>
|
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|
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Finally, with our interface library set up, we need to link our
|
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executable ``Target``, our ``MathFunctions`` library, and our ``SqrtLibrary``
|
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library to our new
|
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``tutorial_compiler_flags`` library. Respectively, the code will look like
|
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this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
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:end-before: # add the binary tree to the search path for include file
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|
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.. raw:: html
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|
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</details>
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|
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this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 3: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # link our compiler flags interface library
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:end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
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.. raw:: html
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|
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</details>
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and this:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step5/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 4: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions-SqrtLibrary-target_link_libraries-step4
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary
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:end-before: endif()
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|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
With this, all of our code still requires C++ 11 to build. Notice
|
||||
though that with this method, it gives us the ability to be specific about
|
||||
which targets get specific requirements. In addition, we create a single
|
||||
source of truth in our interface library.
|
||||
|
||||
Exercise 2 - Adding Compiler Warning Flags with Generator Expressions
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Exercise 1 - Adding Compiler Warning Flags with Generator Expressions
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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|
||||
A common usage of
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@@ -218,8 +57,8 @@ Files to Edit
|
||||
Getting Started
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
Start with the resulting files from Exercise 1. Complete ``TODO 5`` through
|
||||
``TODO 8``.
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||||
Open the file ``Step4/CMakeLists.txt`` and complete ``TODO 1`` through
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||||
``TODO 4``.
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||||
|
||||
First, in the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file, we need to set the
|
||||
:command:`cmake_minimum_required` to ``3.15``. In this exercise we are going
|
||||
@@ -233,12 +72,16 @@ given a language and a set of compiler ids.
|
||||
Build and Run
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
Since we have our build directory already configured from Exercise 1, simply
|
||||
rebuild our code by calling the following:
|
||||
Make a new directory called ``Step4_build``, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>`
|
||||
executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project
|
||||
and then build it with your chosen build tool or by using ``cmake --build .``
|
||||
from the build directory.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
|
||||
mkdir Step4_build
|
||||
cd Step4_build
|
||||
cmake ../Step4
|
||||
cmake --build .
|
||||
|
||||
Solution
|
||||
@@ -249,10 +92,10 @@ version ``3.15``:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
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|
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<details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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<details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-minimum-required-step4
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:end-before: # set the project name and version
|
||||
@@ -268,10 +111,10 @@ variables ``gcc_like_cxx`` and ``msvc_cxx`` as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
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<details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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||||
<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 6: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-compile_lang_and_id
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||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # the BUILD_INTERFACE genex
|
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@@ -289,10 +132,10 @@ interface library.
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||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
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<details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: cmake
|
||||
:caption: TODO 7: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 3: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-compile_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_compile_options(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE
|
||||
@@ -311,10 +154,10 @@ condition. The resulting full code looks like the following:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 8: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 8: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-target_compile_options-genex
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: set(msvc_cxx "$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,MSVC>")
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ follows:
|
||||
:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories-INTERFACE
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # to find MathFunctions.h
|
||||
:end-before: option
|
||||
:end-before: # should we use our own
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||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -108,24 +108,26 @@ follows:
|
||||
|
||||
Now that we've specified usage requirements for ``MathFunctions`` we can
|
||||
safely remove our uses of the ``EXTRA_INCLUDES`` variable from the top-level
|
||||
``CMakeLists.txt``, here:
|
||||
``CMakeLists.txt``.
|
||||
|
||||
Remove this line:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step3/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-remove-EXTRA_INCLUDES
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # add the MathFunctions library
|
||||
:end-before: # TODO 2: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
:start-after: add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
|
||||
:end-before: # add the executable
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
And here:
|
||||
And the lines:
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||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -141,7 +143,181 @@ And here:
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
The remaining code looks like:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>Click to show/hide the resulting code</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: Remaining code after removing EXTRA_INCLUDES
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-after-removing-EXTRA_INCLUDES
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Notice that with this technique, the only thing our executable target does to
|
||||
use our library is call :command:`target_link_libraries` with the name
|
||||
of the library target. In larger projects, the classic method of specifying
|
||||
library dependencies manually becomes very complicated very quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
Exercise 2 - Setting the C++ Standard with Interface Libraries
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
Now that we have switched our code to a more modern approach, let's demonstrate
|
||||
a modern technique to set properties to multiple targets.
|
||||
|
||||
Let's refactor our existing code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library. We will
|
||||
use that library in the next step to demonstrate a common use for
|
||||
:manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`.
|
||||
|
||||
Goal
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Add an ``INTERFACE`` library target to specify the required C++ standard.
|
||||
|
||||
Helpful Resources
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
|
||||
* :command:`add_library`
|
||||
* :command:`target_compile_features`
|
||||
* :command:`target_link_libraries`
|
||||
|
||||
Files to Edit
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
* ``CMakeLists.txt``
|
||||
* ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
|
||||
|
||||
Getting Started
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
|
||||
In this exercise, we will refactor our code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library to
|
||||
specify the C++ standard.
|
||||
|
||||
Start this exercise from what we left at the end of Step3 exercise 1. You will
|
||||
have to complete ``TODO 4`` through ``TODO 7``.
|
||||
|
||||
Start by editing the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file. Construct an
|
||||
``INTERFACE`` library target called ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` and
|
||||
specify ``cxx_std_11`` as a target compiler feature.
|
||||
|
||||
Modify ``CMakeLists.txt`` and ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` so that all
|
||||
targets have a :command:`target_link_libraries` call to
|
||||
``tutorial_compiler_flags``.
|
||||
|
||||
Build and Run
|
||||
-------------
|
||||
|
||||
Since we have our build directory already configured from Exercise 1, simply
|
||||
rebuild our code by calling the following:
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: console
|
||||
|
||||
cd Step3_build
|
||||
cmake --build .
|
||||
|
||||
Next, use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and verify that it is working as
|
||||
expected.
|
||||
|
||||
Solution
|
||||
--------
|
||||
|
||||
Let's update our code from the previous step to use interface libraries
|
||||
to set our C++ requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
To start, we need to remove the two :command:`set` calls on the variables
|
||||
:variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`.
|
||||
The specific lines to remove are as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step3/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-CXX_STANDARD-variable-remove
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
|
||||
:end-before: # configure a header file
|
||||
|
||||
Next, we need to create an interface library, ``tutorial_compiler_flags``. And
|
||||
then use :command:`target_compile_features` to add the compiler feature
|
||||
``cxx_std_11``.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-cxx_std-feature
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # specify the C++ standard
|
||||
:end-before: # TODO 2: Create helper
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, with our interface library set up, we need to link our
|
||||
executable ``Target``, our ``MathFunctions`` library, and our ``SqrtLibrary``
|
||||
library to our new
|
||||
``tutorial_compiler_flags`` library. Respectively, the code will look like
|
||||
this:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
|
||||
:end-before: # add the binary tree to the search path for include file
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
this:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 6: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # link our compiler flags interface library
|
||||
:end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
and this:
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
<details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
.. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:caption: TODO 7: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: MathFunctions-SqrtLibrary-target_link_libraries-step4
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary
|
||||
:end-before: endif()
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
With this, all of our code still requires C++ 11 to build. Notice
|
||||
though that with this method, it gives us the ability to be specific about
|
||||
which targets get specific requirements. In addition, we create a single
|
||||
source of truth in our interface library.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ that has sources ``mysqrt.cxx``.
|
||||
:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-add_library-SqrtLibrary
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:start-after: # library that just does sqrt
|
||||
:end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
|
||||
:end-before: # TODO 7: Link
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -426,7 +426,8 @@ enabled.
|
||||
:caption: TODO 13 : MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
|
||||
:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-SqrtLibrary
|
||||
:language: cmake
|
||||
:lines: 16-18
|
||||
:start-after: to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
:end-before: endif()
|
||||
|
||||
.. raw:: html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
|
||||
# set the project name and version
|
||||
project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 4: Replace the following code by:
|
||||
# * Creating an interface library called tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: use add_library() with the INTERFACE signature
|
||||
# * Add compiler feature cxx_std_11 to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: Use target_compile_features()
|
||||
|
||||
# specify the C++ standard
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)
|
||||
@@ -20,6 +26,8 @@ list(APPEND EXTRA_INCLUDES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions")
|
||||
# add the executable
|
||||
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 5: Link Tutorial to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 3: Remove use of EXTRA_INCLUDES
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -14,5 +14,9 @@ if (USE_MYMATH)
|
||||
mysqrt.cxx
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 7: Link SqrtLibrary to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC SqrtLibrary)
|
||||
endif()
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 6: Link MathFunctions to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,33 +1,27 @@
|
||||
# TODO 5: Update the minimum required version to 3.15
|
||||
# TODO 1: Update the minimum required version to 3.15
|
||||
|
||||
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
|
||||
|
||||
# set the project name and version
|
||||
project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 1: Replace the following code by:
|
||||
# * Creating an interface library called tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: use add_library() with the INTERFACE signature
|
||||
# * Add compiler feature cxx_std_11 to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# Hint: Use target_compile_features()
|
||||
|
||||
# specify the C++ standard
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
|
||||
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)
|
||||
add_library(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE)
|
||||
target_compile_features(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE cxx_std_11)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 6: Create helper variables to determine which compiler we are using:
|
||||
# TODO 2: Create helper variables to determine which compiler we are using:
|
||||
# * Create a new variable gcc_like_cxx that is true if we are using CXX and
|
||||
# any of the following compilers: ARMClang, AppleClang, Clang, GNU, LCC
|
||||
# * Create a new variable msvc_cxx that is true if we are using CXX and MSVC
|
||||
# Hint: Use set() and COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 7: Add warning flag compile options to the interface library
|
||||
# TODO 3: Add warning flag compile options to the interface library
|
||||
# tutorial_compiler_flags.
|
||||
# * For gcc_like_cxx, add flags -Wall;-Wextra;-Wshadow;-Wformat=2;-Wunused
|
||||
# * For msvc_cxx, add flags -W3
|
||||
# Hint: Use target_compile_options()
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 8: With nested generator expressions, only use the flags for the
|
||||
# TODO 4: With nested generator expressions, only use the flags for the
|
||||
# build-tree
|
||||
# Hint: Use BUILD_INTERFACE
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -41,9 +35,7 @@ add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
|
||||
# add the executable
|
||||
add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 2: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)
|
||||
target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions tutorial_compiler_flags)
|
||||
|
||||
# add the binary tree to the search path for include files
|
||||
# so that we will find TutorialConfig.h
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ if (USE_MYMATH)
|
||||
mysqrt.cxx
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 4: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
|
||||
# link our compiler flags interface library
|
||||
target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary PUBLIC tutorial_compiler_flags)
|
||||
target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC SqrtLibrary)
|
||||
endif()
|
||||
|
||||
# TODO 3: Link to tutorial_compiler_flags
|
||||
# link our compiler flags interface library
|
||||
target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC tutorial_compiler_flags)
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user