Projects use `try_compile` to check if they will be able to compile some
particular source code. When a language standard variable like
`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` is set, then the project intends to compile source
code using a compiler mode for that standard. Therefore it makes sense
for `try_compile` to use that standard in the test project too.
Unfortunately this was not done when support for the
`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` variable was first implemented. Add a policy to
introduce the improved behavior in a compatible way.
Closes: #16456
