KPL/PCK




\begindata
   CASSINI_PCK_VERSION     = ( '2004-MAR-05' )
\begintext


P_constants (PcK) SPICE kernel file


Refer to the notes at the bottom of the file for help, contacts, version history,
references, and Cassini-specific parameter descriptions. All radii and orientation
values are from reference [1] unless otherwise noted.


-------- SUN


         Value for the Sun radii is from [2], page K7. BODY10_GM from [10].


         \begindata 
         BODY10_GM              = (   132712440017.9870         )
         BODY10_RADII           = (   696000.     696000.      696000.     )
         BODY10_POLE_RA         = (  286.13       0.          0. )
         BODY10_POLE_DEC        = (   63.87       0.          0. )
         BODY10_PM              = (   84.10     +14.18440     0. )
         BODY10_LONG_AXIS       = (    0.                        )
         \begintext


-------- VENUS


         BODY299_GM from [10].


         \begindata
         BODY2_GM            =  (         324858.5988264598  )
         BODY299_GM          =  (         324858.5988264598  )   
         BODY299_RADII            = (  6051.8       6051.8      6051.8 ) 
         BODY299_POLE_RA          = (  272.76       0.          0. )
         BODY299_POLE_DEC         = (  +67.16       0.          0. )
         BODY299_PM               = (  160.20      -1.4813688   0. )
         BODY299_LONG_AXIS        = (    0.                        )
         \begintext


-------- EARTH


         BODY3_GM, BODY399_GM from [10]. Northern hemisphere projection of the 
         Earth's magnetic dipole: coordinates are planetocentric, values are from [3].
         
         \begindata
         BODY3_GM            =  (         403503.2334790870  )
         BODY399_GM          =  (         398600.4328969392  )
         BODY399_RADII     = (     6378.140    6378.140     6356.75   )
         BODY399_POLE_RA        = (    0.      -0.641         0. )
         BODY399_POLE_DEC       = (  +90.      -0.557         0. )
         BODY399_PM             = (  190.147  +360.9856235     0. )
         BODY399_LONG_AXIS      = (    0.                        )
         BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = ( 125.045         -1935.5364525000
                                    250.089         -3871.0729050000
                                    260.008        475263.3328725000
                                    176.625        487269.6299850000
                                    357.529         35999.0509575000
                                    311.589        964468.4993100001
                                    134.963        477198.8693250000
                                    276.617         12006.3007650000
                                     34.226         63863.5132425000
                                     15.134         -5806.6093575000
                                    119.743           131.8406400000
                                    239.961          6003.1503825000
                                     25.053        473327.7964200000 )
         BODY399_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LON  =  ( -69.761 )
         BODY399_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LAT  =  (  78.565 )
         \begintext


-------- JUPITER


         BODY599_GM value = BODY5_GM - Sum(BODY5xx_gm) where xx = 01,16. BODY5_GM 
         value from [10].
            
         \begindata
         BODY5_GM            =  (       126712767.8577960      )
         BODY599_GM          =  (       126686536.9637693      )
         BODY599_RADII     = (    71492.      71492.       66854.     )
         BODY599_POLE_RA        = (   268.05    -0.009      0.  )
         BODY599_POLE_DEC       = (   +64.49    +0.003      0.  )
         BODY599_PM             = (   284.95  +870.5366420  0.  )
         BODY599_LONG_AXIS      = (     0.                      )
         BODY5_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (   73.32   +91472.9
                                      24.62   +45137.2
                                     283.90    +4850.7
                                     355.80    +1191.3
                                     119.90     +262.1
                                     229.80      +64.3
                                     352.35    +2382.6
                                     113.35    +6070.0  )
         \begintext


-------- SATURN


         BODY6_GM value from [10]. BODY699_GM value = BODY6_GM - Sum(BODY6xx_gm)
         where xx = 1,9. Nonzero gravitational harmonics listed below are J2, J4, J6, C22,
         S22 from [7]. In the future, the navigation team may track and report these
         values. The first seven angles given in NUT_PREC are the angles S1 
         through S7 from the 2000 IAU report; the eighth and ninth angles are 2*S1 
         and 2*S2, respectively.
         
         Ring models are from a variety of sources, but are documented in references
         [11] and [12]. F Ring Data are from [8]. MIMI zone reflects the old flight rule 
         for MIMI INCA, +/- 30000 km thickness inside of 8.74 Rs.
         
         The optical altitude is for PDT to determine at what altitude delta (km)
         from the RADII that Saturn first starts to cast a discernible shadow.
         
         Eventually three different magnetospheric models will be provided. This 
         section currently serves as a placeholder.

         BODY699_RADII_RS keyword is provided since the value 60330 is a standard number
         for most ring scientists.


         BODY699_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LON = (   0.0 )
         BODY699_MAG_NORTH_POLE_LAT = ( +90.0 )
         BODY699_M1COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_G1COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_H1COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_M2COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_G2COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_H2COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_M3COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_G3COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)
         BODY699_H3COEF          = ( 0.0   0.0   0.0  0.0)


         \begindata
         BODY6_GM            =  (        37940629.764            )
         BODY699_GM          =  (        37931267.73             )
         BODY699_RADII     = (     60268.      60268.       54364.     )
         BODY699_RADII_1BAR = (    60268.      60268.       54364.     )
         BODY699_RADII_OPTICAL = ( 60430.      60430.       54508.     )
         BODY699_RADII_RS = (    60330.      60330.       60330.     )
         BODY699_POLE_RA        = (    40.589    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY699_POLE_DEC       = (   +83.537    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY699_PM             = (    38.90   +810.7939024  0.  )
         BODY699_LONG_AXIS      = (     0.                       )
         BODY699_JCOEF          = ( 0.0, 0.016298, 0.0, -0.000915, 0.0, 0.000103 )
         BODY699_CCOEF          = ( 0.0, 0.0,      0.00000070 )
         BODY699_SCOEF          = ( 0.0, 0.0,     -0.00000020 )
         BODY6_NUT_PREC_ANGLES  = (  353.32   75706.7
                                      28.72   75706.7
                                     177.40  -36505.5
                                     300.00   -7225.9
                                     316.45     506.2
                                     345.20   -1016.3
                                      29.80     -52.1
                                     706.64  151413.4
                                      57.44  151413.4  )
         BODY699_RING1_NAME     = 'A Ring'
         BODY699_RING1          = (122170.0 136780.0 0.1 0.1 0.5)
         BODY699_RING1_1_NAME   = 'Encke Gap'
         BODY699_RING1_1        = (133405.0 133730.0 0.0 0.0 0.0)
         BODY699_RING2_NAME     = 'Cassini Division'
         BODY699_RING2          = (117580.0 122170.0 0.0 0.0 0.0)
         BODY699_RING3_NAME     = 'B Ring'
         BODY699_RING3          = (92000.0 117580.0 0.1 0.1 1.5)
         BODY699_RING4_NAME     = 'C Ring'
         BODY699_RING4          = (74510.0 92000.0 0.1 0.1 0.1)
         BODY699_RING5_NAME     = 'D Ring'
         BODY699_RING5          = (66970.0 74510.0 0.1 0.1 0.00001)
         BODY699_RING6_NAME     = 'E ring'
         BODY699_RING6_A        = (189870.0 256900.0 9000.0 9000.0 0.000003)
         BODY699_RING6_B        = (256900.0 420000.0 9000.0 17000.0 0.000003)
         BODY699_RING7_NAME     = 'F Ring'
         BODY699_RING7          = (140180.0 140270.0 6.5 6.5 0.1)
         BODY699_RING7_FCENTER  = (140223.7, 0.00254, 24.1, 2.7001, 0.0065, 16.1, -2.6876)
         BODY699_RING8_NAME     = 'G Ring'
         BODY699_RING8          = (165000.0 176000.0 280.0 280.0 0.000001)
         BODY699_MIMI_DUST_ZONE = ( 0.0 527284.2 60000.0 60000.0 )
         \begintext


-------- URANUS


         BODY7_GM value from [10].


         \begindata
         BODY7_GM          = (      5794549.007071874       )
         BODY799_GM        = (      5793939.2128179700      )
         BODY799_RADII     = (    25559.      25559.       24973.     )
         BODY799_POLE_RA        = (  257.311     0.         0.  )
         BODY799_POLE_DEC       = (  -15.175     0.         0.  )
         BODY799_PM             = (  203.81   -501.1600928  0.  )
         BODY799_LONG_AXIS      = (    0.                       )
         \begintext


-------- MOON


         BODY301_GM from [10].
         
         \begindata
         BODY301_GM          =  (           4902.800582147764 )
         BODY301_RADII     = (     1737.4      1737.4       1737.4    )
         BODY301_POLE_RA      = (  269.9949    0.0031        0.        )
         BODY301_POLE_DEC     = (   66.5392    0.0130        0.        )
         BODY301_PM           = (   38.3213   13.17635815   -1.4D-12   )
         BODY301_LONG_AXIS    = (    0.                                )
         BODY301_NUT_PREC_RA  = (  -3.8787   -0.1204  +0.0700  -0.0172
                                    0.       +0.0072   0.       0.
                                    0.       -0.0052   0.       0.
                                   +0.0043                             )
         BODY301_NUT_PREC_DEC = (   1.5419   0.0239   -0.0278  +0.0068
                                    0.      -0.0029   +0.0009   0.
                                    0.      +0.0008    0.       0.
                                   -0.0009                             )
         BODY301_NUT_PREC_PM  = (  3.5610   +0.1208   -0.0642  +0.0158
                                  +0.0252   -0.0066   -0.0047  -0.0046
                                  +0.0028   +0.0052   +0.0040  +0.0019
                                  -0.0044                              )
         \begintext


-------- IO


         BODY501_GM value from [5].


         \begindata
         BODY501_GM          =  (              5959.92     )
         BODY501_RADII     = (     1829.4      1819.3       1815.7    )
         BODY501_POLE_RA       = (  268.05          -0.009      0.  )
         BODY501_POLE_DEC      = (  +64.50          +0.003      0.  )
         BODY501_PM            = (  200.39        +203.4889538  0.  )
         BODY501_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                            )
         BODY501_NUT_PREC_RA   = (    0.   0.    +0.094   +0.024   )
         BODY501_NUT_PREC_DEC  = (    0.   0.    +0.040   +0.011   )
         BODY501_NUT_PREC_PM   = (    0.   0.    -0.085   -0.022   )
         \begintext


-------- EUROPA


         BODY502_GM value from [5].
         
         \begindata
         BODY502_GM          =  (              3202.72       )
         BODY502_RADII     = (     1564.13     1561.23      1560.93   )
         BODY502_POLE_RA       = (  268.08          -0.009      0.   )
         BODY502_POLE_DEC      = (  +64.51          +0.003      0.   )
         BODY502_PM            = (   36.022         +101.3747235  0. )
         BODY502_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                             )
         BODY502_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. +1.086  +0.060  +0.015  +0.009 )
         BODY502_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. +0.468  +0.026  +0.007  +0.002 )
         BODY502_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. -0.980  -0.054  -0.014  -0.008 )
         \begintext


-------- GANYMEDE


         BODY503_GM value from [5].


         \begindata
         BODY503_GM          =  (              9887.83     )
         BODY503_RADII     = (     2632.4      2632.29      2632.35   ) 
         BODY503_POLE_RA       = (  268.20          -0.009      0.   )
         BODY503_POLE_DEC      = (  +64.57          +0.003      0.   )
         BODY503_PM            = (   44.04         +50.3176081  0.   )
         BODY503_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                             )
         BODY503_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.037  +0.431  +0.091   )
         BODY503_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0.  -0.016  +0.186  +0.039   )
         BODY503_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0.  +0.033  -0.389  -0.082   )
         \begintext


-------- CALLISTO


         BODY504_GM value from [5].
         
         \begindata
         BODY504_GM          =  (              7179.29     )
         BODY504_RADII     = (     2409.4      2409.2       2409.3    )
         BODY504_POLE_RA       = (   268.72   -0.009      0.  )
         BODY504_POLE_DEC      = (   +64.83   +0.003      0.  )
         BODY504_PM            = (   259.51  +21.5710715  0.  )
         BODY504_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                     )
         BODY504_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.068 +0.590  0. +0.010 )
         BODY504_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.029 +0.254  0. -0.004 )
         BODY504_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.061 -0.533  0. -0.009 )
         \begintext


-------- HIMALIA


         BODY506_GM values from [7].
         
         \begindata
         BODY506_GM       = (          0.45         )
         BODY506_RADII    = (  85      85      85   )
         BODY506_POLE_RA       = (   268.72   -0.009      0.  )
         BODY506_POLE_DEC      = (   +64.83   +0.003      0.  )
         BODY506_PM            = (   259.51  +21.5710715  0.  )
         BODY506_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                     )
         \begintext


-------- MIMAS


         BODY601_GM from [6].
         
         \begindata
         BODY601_GM          =  (               2.5    )
         BODY601_RADII     = (      209.1       196.2        191.4    ) 
         BODY601_POLE_RA       = (    40.66    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY601_POLE_DEC      = (   +83.52    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY601_PM            = (   337.46  +381.9945550  0.  )
         BODY601_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         BODY601_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. +13.56  0.    0.   0. 0. 0. 0. )
         BODY601_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0.  -1.53  0.    0.   0. 0. 0. 0. )
         BODY601_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. -13.48  0. -44.85  0. 0. 0. 0. )
         \begintext


-------- ENCELADUS


         BODY602_GM from [6].


         \begindata
         BODY602_GM          =  (               4.9     )
         BODY602_RADII     = (      256.3       247.3        244.6    )
         BODY602_POLE_RA       = (   40.66    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY602_POLE_DEC      = (  +83.52    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY602_PM            = (    2.82  +262.7318996  0.  )
         BODY602_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                      )
         \begintext


-------- TETHYS


         BODY603_GM from [6].


         \begindata
         BODY603_GM          =  (              41.808     )
         BODY603_RADII     = (      535.6       528.2        525.8    )
         BODY603_POLE_RA       = (    40.66    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY603_POLE_DEC      = (   +83.52    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY603_PM            = (    10.45  +190.6979085  0.  )
         BODY603_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         BODY603_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0.  +9.66   0.    0.  0.  0.  0. )
         BODY603_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0.  -1.09   0.    0.  0.  0.  0. )
         BODY603_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0.  -9.60  +2.23  0.  0.  0.  0. )
         \begintext


-------- DIONE


         BODY604_GM from [6].


         \begindata
         BODY604_GM          =  (              73.156     )
         BODY604_RADII     = (      560.        560.         560.     )
         BODY604_POLE_RA       = (    40.66    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY604_POLE_DEC      = (   +83.52    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY604_PM            = (   357.00  +131.5349316  0.  )
         BODY604_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         \begintext


-------- RHEA


         BODY605_GM from [6].


         \begindata
         BODY605_GM          =  (             154.000      )
         BODY605_RADII     = (      764.        764.         764.     )
         BODY605_POLE_RA       = (   40.38    -0.036      0.   )
         BODY605_POLE_DEC      = (  +83.55    -0.004      0.   )
         BODY605_PM            = (  235.16   +79.6900478  0.   )
         BODY605_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
         BODY605_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  +3.10  0. 0. 0. )
         BODY605_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  -0.35  0. 0. 0. )
         BODY605_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.  -3.08  0. 0. 0. )
         \begintext


-------- TITAN


         BODY606_GM from [6].


         \begindata
         BODY606_GM          =  (            8978.2       )
         BODY606_RADII     = (     2575.       2575.        2575.     )
         BODY606_POLE_RA       = (    36.41   -0.036      0.   )
         BODY606_POLE_DEC      = (   +83.94   -0.004      0.   )
         BODY606_PM            = (   189.64  +22.5769768  0.   )
         BODY606_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         BODY606_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +2.66  0. 0. )
         BODY606_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.30  0. 0. )
         BODY606_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -2.64  0. 0. )
         BODY606_ATMOSPHERE = ( 175.0 10.0 
                                0.000006350 11400.0 76.0 
                                0.000000513 8030.0 -429.0 
                                0.000073500 15000.0 44.0 )
         \begintext


-------- HYPERION


         BODY607_GM from [6].


         While Hyperion's spin state is chaotic, Voyager and ground-based
         observations suggest some states are common (Thomas et al 1995, 
         Icarus 117, 128-148).  The  spin pole orientation is from the
         Voyager observations; both the spin pole orientation and spin rate
         will probably differ during Cassini's mission. Hyperion radii and 
         orientation from Peter Thomas @ Cornell


         \begindata
         BODY607_GM          =  (               0.99    )
         BODY607_RADII     = (      164.        130.         107.    )
         BODY607_POLE_RA = ( 226. 0 0 )
         BODY607_POLE_DEC = ( 35. 0 0 )
         BODY607_PM = ( 20.02 72.0 0 )
         BODY607_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                    )
         \begintext


-------- IAPETUS


         BODY608_GM from [6].


         \begindata
         BODY608_GM          =  (             106.0      )
         BODY608_RADII     = (      718.        718.         718.     )
         BODY608_POLE_RA       = (   318.16  -3.949      0.  )
         BODY608_POLE_DEC      = (   +75.03  -1.143      0.  )
         BODY608_PM            = (   350.20  +4.5379572  0.  )
         BODY608_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                    )
         \begintext


-------- PHOEBE


         BODY609_GM from [6].
         BODY609_PM from [13].


         \begindata
         BODY609_GM          =  (               0.48 )
         BODY609_RADII     = (      115.        110.         105.     )
         BODY609_POLE_RA       = (  355.00      0.         0.  )
         BODY609_POLE_DEC      = (  +68.70      0.         0.  )
         BODY609_PM            = (  178.58   +931.639  0.  )
         BODY609_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
         \begintext


-------- JANUS


         BODY610_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY610_GM          =  (              0.1284  )
         BODY610_RADII     = (       97.         95.          77.     )
         BODY610_POLE_RA       = (   40.58     -0.036      0.  )
         BODY610_POLE_DEC      = (   83.52     -0.004      0.  )
         BODY610_PM            = (   58.83   +518.2359876   0. )
         BODY610_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
         BODY610_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( 0. -1.623  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.023 )
         BODY610_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( 0. -0.183  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.001 )
         BODY610_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( 0. +1.613  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.023 )
         \begintext


-------- EPIMETHEUS


         BODY611_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY611_GM          =  (              .0357  )
         BODY611_RADII     = (       69.         55.          55.     )
         BODY611_POLE_RA       = (   40.58     -0.036      0.  )
         BODY611_POLE_DEC      = (   83.52     -0.004      0.  )
         BODY611_PM            = (  293.87   +518.4907239  0.  )
         BODY611_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
         BODY611_NUT_PREC_RA   = ( -3.153  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.086  0. )
         BODY611_NUT_PREC_DEC  = ( -0.356  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. +0.005  0. )
         BODY611_NUT_PREC_PM   = ( +3.133  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. -0.086  0. )
         \begintext


-------- HELENE


         BODY612_GM is from [7].


         Only the subplanetary equatorial radius and polar radius for Helene 
         (body 612) are listed in the 2000 IAU report, i.e.:


         BODY612_RADII     = (       17.5        ---        0.7     )


         The mean radius is 16km; we use the mean radius for each axis when all 
         three are not available.


         \begindata
         BODY612_GM          =  (              .0017  )
         BODY612_RADII     = (       16          16           16      )
         BODY612_POLE_RA       = (   40.85     -0.036      0.  )
         BODY612_POLE_DEC      = (   83.34     -0.004      0.  )
         BODY612_PM            = (  245.12   +131.6174056  0.  )
         BODY612_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
         \begintext


-------- TELESTO


         BODY613_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY613_GM          =  (               .00048 )
         BODY613_RADII     = (       15          12.5          7.5    )
         BODY613_POLE_RA       = (    50.51    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY613_POLE_DEC      = (    84.06    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY613_PM            = (    56.88  +190.6979332  0.  )
         BODY613_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         \begintext
         
-------- CALYPSO


         BODY614_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY614_GM          =  (               0.00024 )
         BODY614_RADII     = (       15           8            8      )
         BODY614_POLE_RA       = (   36.41     -0.036       0.  )
         BODY614_POLE_DEC      = (   85.04     -0.004       0.  )
         BODY614_PM            = (  153.51   +190.6742373   0.  )
         BODY614_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                        )
         \begintext


-------- ATLAS


         BODY615_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY615_GM          =  (              0.00072  )
         BODY615_RADII     = (       18.5        17.2         13.5    )
         BODY615_POLE_RA       = (    40.58    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY615_POLE_DEC      = (    83.53    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY615_PM            = (   137.88  +598.3060000  0.  )
         BODY615_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         \begintext


-------- PROMETHEUS


         BODY616_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY616_GM          =  (               0.022 )
         BODY616_RADII     = (       74          50           34      )
         BODY616_POLE_RA       = (    40.58    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY616_POLE_DEC      = (    83.53    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY616_PM            = (   296.14  +587.2890000  0.  )
         BODY616_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         \begintext


-------- PANDORA


         BODY617_GM is from [7].


         \begindata
         BODY617_GM          =  (              0.013  )
         BODY617_RADII     = (       55          44           31      )
         BODY617_POLE_RA       = (    40.58    -0.036      0.  )
         BODY617_POLE_DEC      = (    83.53    -0.004      0.  )
         BODY617_PM            = (   162.92  +572.7891000  0.  )
         BODY617_LONG_AXIS     = (     0.                      )
         \begintext


-------- PAN


         BODY618_GM is from [7]. For Pan, only a mean radius is given in the 2000 IAU report.


         \begindata
         BODY618_GM          =  (              0.00018  )
         BODY618_RADII     = (       10          10           10      )
         BODY618_POLE_RA       = (   40.6     -0.036       0.  )
         BODY618_POLE_DEC      = (   83.5     -0.004       0.  )
         BODY618_PM            = (   48.8   +626.0440000   0.  )
         BODY618_LONG_AXIS     = (    0.                       )
         \begintext


-------- CONSTANTS AND NOTES FOR PDT USERS


         The astronomical unit AU, given in kilometers.


         \begindata
         AU                  =  (      149597870.7           )
         \begintext
         
         

         Saturn reference radius (Rs) is the base for measuring body 
         distances and ring radial distances in mulitples of saturn radius.

         
         \begindata
         RS                  = (       60330.0       )
         \begintext


         Note that GM values >= 1.0 are packaged as is into 7CONIC_VEC 
         commands for AACS to propagate the body's ephemeris. 
         For GM values < 1.0, the value in the G_MASS parameter 
         of the 7CONIC_VEC command is set to 1.0.  One is the minimum 
         value for the G_MASS parameter. The resetting of the G_MASS 
         parameter to the minimum acceptable where the actual 
         GM is < 1.0 is acceptable since CAS will not pass close enough 
         to any of the affected bodies for the gravitational mass 
         to have an effect.
         
-------- OBLATE SPHEROIDS VERSUS TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOIDS


         Some Cassini software cannot model triaxial ellipsoids, where the
         RADII are all different. Instead, they model bodies as oblate
         spheroids, where the equatorial RADII values (the first two) must
         be identical. In cases here where the equatorial radii are not
         identical, the average of the two should be used when constructing
         an oblate spheroid. The polar radius (the third RADII) can be used
         as given in both cases.


-------- CONSTANTS AND NOTES FOR CASPER USERS


         \begindata
         BODY601_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              6.59087D-08             )
         BODY602_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              1.29181D-07             )
         BODY603_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              1.1022D-06              )
         BODY604_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              1.92865D-06             )
         BODY605_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              4.05998D-06             )
         BODY606_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              2.36697D-04             )
         BODY607_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              2.60998D-08             )
         BODY608_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              2.79453D-06             )
         BODY609_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              1.26545D-08             )
         BODY610_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              3.38507D-09             )
         BODY611_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              9.41176D-10             )
         BODY612_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              4.48179D-11             )
         BODY613_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              1.26545D-11            )
         BODY614_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              6.32723D-12            )
         BODY615_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              1.89817D-11             )
         BODY616_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              5.79996D-10             )
         BODY617_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              3.42725D-10             )
         BODY618_GM/PRIMARY  =  (              4.74543D-12             )
         \begintext
         
-------- URLS AND CONTACTS


Description of PCK format and contents can be found in NAIF's PCK "required
reading" document, at:

ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/ascii/individual_docs/pck.req


NAIF tutorial on PCK formatting and use at:

ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/Tutorials/office/individual_docs/16_pck.ppt
ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/Tutorials/office/packages/
SPICE_tutorials_Oct-12-2003.zip


The Cassini PCK & ephemeris files can be found on the DOM, and at:

ftp://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/CASSINI/kernels/


Questions regarding this file can be directed to:

Diane Conner (818)354-8586 Diane.Conner@jpl.nasa.gov
David Seal   (818)354-2707 David.Seal@jpl.nasa.gov


-------- VERSION HISTORY


Only the noted versions were officially published; the others were
created and circulated for internal review only.

2004 Mar 05 (published)  

  Updated descriptive text preceeding RS keyword.
  Updated contact information and verified URLs.

  Updates per ECR 103313:
      Change 1:  Update the values for Pheobe Prime Meridian
                 TO:
                 BODY609_PM            = (  178.58   +931.639  0.  )

                 Reference: Bauer, Simonelli, Buratti, IAU Circular 8279, 
                            1/30/2004; re-reduced by Owen 2/5/2004

      Change 2:  Saturn Reference Radius
           ADD:
           BODY699_RADII_RS = (    60330.      60330.       60330.     )
           60330 is such a standard number for almost all ring scientists 
                 and is needed in the PCK.  
                 Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2003 16:22:41 -0700
                 From: Carolyn Porco <carolyn@ciclops.org>

2002 Oct 01 (published)
  Changed BODY699_RADII_OPTICAL to be consistent with recommendation of Phil
  Nicholson dated 24 Sep. Added notes in the version history as to which
  versions were published to the DOM, as opposed to the versions that were
  intermediate for review.
  
2002 Aug 28
  Expanded some version histories. Added radii for alternate models of Saturn.
  Added notes on oblate spheroids vs. triaxial ellipsoids. Fixed the reference
  for BODY10_GM. Provided more description of URL links.


2002 Aug 12
   Added notes on gravitational harmonics. Added link to NAIF required reading
   document. Removed unused references.


2002 Jun 21
   Made cosmetic changes to organization. Added begindata flag to Venus area
   so that Venus data would not be lost. Copied Venus GM to Venus system GM
   (since Venus has no satellites). Removed entries for small Jovian
   satellites except for Himalia (no small satellites were observed by Cassini
   except Himalia). Added dummy orientation values for Himalia (since 
   IAU_HIMALIA is a possible coordinate frame). Removed last two NUT_PREC entries 
   for Jupiter (big 4 satellites + Himalia only require 8 angles, not 10). Fixed 
   the BODY3_NUT_PREC angles to the full set that is required for Earth and Moon 
   orientation. Corrected errors in the orientation for Callisto and Jupiter. 
   Removed BODY7_NUT_PREC angles since no Uranian satellites are present. 
   Adjusted Jovian satellite radii to match IAU 2000 report. Added LONG_AXIS 
   statement for Hyperion.
   By: David Seal


2002 Jun 20
   Added BODY299_GM and BODY299_RADII.
   By: John Aiello


2002 Jun 17
   Changes to reflect values listed in IAU/IAG/COSPAR 2000 report:
   BODY399_PM, BODY502_PM, BODY504_PM, BODY505_RADII, BODY514_RADII,
   BODY515_RADII, BODY516_RADII,  BODY607_RADII. 
   By: John Aiello


2002 Jun 10  
   Updated BODY5_GM, BODY599_GM, and BODY301_GM per NAV OD solution SM828D.
   By: John Aiello


2002 Jun 06
   Reference added for Saturn gravitational field.
   By: John Aiello


2002 May 02
   Corrected values for: BODY3_NUT_PREC_ANGLES, BODY599_PM (rotation rate was missing 
   last four digits), BODY610_PM (rotation rate was missing last digit). These values
   were changed to be consistent with the IAU 2000 report.
   By: John Aiello
   2 May 2002


2001 Dec 14 (published)
   Corrected typo in BODY699_RING1
   By: John Aiello
   14 Dec 2001


2001 Nov 20 (published)
   Saturn ring model (updated version per series of telecons between PDT software 
   architects and Mark Showalter, Jeff Cuzzi, Carolyn Porco, Linda Spilker, John Aiello)
   By: John Aiello
   20 Nov 2001


2001 Oct 26 (published)
   First release. Contents as follows.
   GM values for Sun, Earth, Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, Mimas, Enceladus,
   Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, Iapetus, Phoebe  
   Saturn ring model
   Saturn magnetosphere model
   Titan atmosphere model
   Dummy values for Himalia froim Kevin Yau (Cassini PDT) 2000 May 11
   Based on pck0007.tpc by Nat Bachman (NAIF) 2000 April 24
   By:  Dave Seal, John Aiello (Cassini Mission Planning)


  
-------- FORMATTING FOR SPECIAL PARAMETERS


BODYNNN_GM
   GM in km^3/s^2
   
BODYNNN_RADII_OPTICAL
BODYNNN_RADII_1BAR
BOYDNNN_RADII_RS
   Alternate radii that are required for modeling purposes. These radii are
   not necessarily identical to the IAU standard, and may have to be updated
   during tour at a frequency not compatible with the IAU standard update
   process. (For this reason, these were added so that Cassini would not be
   required to use the existing RADII for not-IAU-approved values.) The OPTICAL 
   radii are typically used to determine the point at which Saturn's atmosphere 
   begins to attenuate light rays (e.g. for shadowing). The 1 bar radii may be 
   used as a markpoint for some radio or atmospheric observations.  The RS radii
   may be used by ring scientists that model Saturn as a sphere.  


BODYNNN_ATMOSPHERE
   Exponential atmospheric model in the form of one set of 
        two values To, f, followed by any number of sets of 
        three numbers Do, K, Zo. The atmospheric density in g/cm3 
        can be calculated as follows: 
        Z = height above surface (km) 
        R = radius of body (km) 
        T = thermospheric temperature (K) = To + f * sigma, where 
        sigma is the number of standard deviations (conservatism) 
        desired. If f > 0, positive sigma will result in a hotter 
        thermosphere and higher density. 
        H = scale height of atmosphere (km) = T * ( R + Z ) / K 
        (K is a curve-fit parameter with units of degrees K) 
        D = density (g/cm3) = Do * exp( - ( Z - Zo ) / H ) 
        If there are more than one set of Do, K, Zo, sum each 
        value to get the total atmospheric density.


BODYNNN_RING*
   The ring identification scheme is numeric with keyword-associated names.
   The defnition of a ring is in a set of keywords. The BODYNNN_RING...
   keyword set includes 


   1) a required NAME keyword (BODYNNN_RING<n>_NAME), 
   2) either a complete ring keyword (BODYNNN_RING<n>) or a set of segmented
      ring keywords (BODYNNN_RING<n>_<X>), and 
   3) optional embedded ringlet/gap keywords (BODYNNN_RING<n>_<n>) with
      required names (BODYNNN_RING<n>_<n>_NAME). 


   The total number of rings (BODYNNN_RING<n>) that can be defined is from
   01 to 99. A complete ring can be segmented (BODYNNN_RING<n>_<X>) in upto
   26 (A-Z) sub-segments. Embedded ringlets/gaps (BODYNNN_RING<n>_<n>) can
   be defined from 1 to 99. Ring geometry is defined in the form of one set
   of R1, R2, Z1, Z2, OD where R1 and R2 are inner and outer radii
   respectively of the ring (in kilometers), Z1 and Z2 are the vertical
   heights of the ring at R1 and R2 respectively (also in km, equal to 
   one-half of the total thickness of the ring), and OD is the average optical
   depth of the ring sub-segment/gap across R1 to R2. A complex ring
   thickness model is pieced together by sub-segmenting Rs, Zs, & ODs; each
   sub-segment is uniquely numbered.


BODYNNN_*COEF
   Where * = J, C, or S. These coefficients are the normalized gravity field
   coefficients. J's are 1 to N, C's and S's have two indexes. Index 1 goes from
   1 to N, and Index 2 goes from 1 to (Index 1). E.g. C11, C21, C22, C31, C32,
   C33, C41, etc.


BODY699_RING7_FCENTER  
   Elliptical orbital characteristics for the F Ring: The array items (and
   units) are (in order):


   SEMIMAJOR_AXIS (km)
   ECCENTRICITY (degrees)
   LONGITUDE_PERICENTER_EPOCH (degrees)
   PERICENTER_PRECESSION_RATE (degrees)
   INCLINATION (degrees)
   LONGITUDE_ASCENDING_NODE_EPOCH (degrees)
   NODAL_REGRESSION_RATE (degrees).


   The epoch for the elements is J2000 (noon UTC on 1/1/2000) at the ring
   (i.e., with no light-time correction). Longitudes are measured in the
   prograde direction from the ascending node of Saturn's equatorial plane
   on Earth's J2000 equator.


-------- REFERENCES

   1.   "Report of the IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on
         Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of
         the Planets and Satellites: 2000."
    2.   "The Astronomical Almanac," 2002.
    3.   Russell, Christopher T., "Geophysical Coordinate Transformations," 
         Cosmic Electrodynamics 2 (1971) 184-186.
    4.   Showalter, Mark R. "Properties  of Saturn's E and G Rings from the
         1995 Ring Plane Crossings", presented at Ames ring hazard
         workshop, 25 January 1996.
    5.   Jacobson, R. A., JPL IOM 312.F-00-102, 29 Jun 2000, "Jup171" 
         ephemeris file
    6.   Jacobson, R.A., JPL IOM 312.F-99-084, 13 Oct 1999, "Sat105" 
         ephemeris file
    7.   Jacobson, R., private communication;  data will be presented in 
         forthcoming web site listing Satellite Physical Properties 
    8.   Bosh, A. S., et. al., (2002) Icarus 157, 57.
    9.   Campbell, J.K. and Anderson, J.D. (1989) Astron J. 97, 1485.
   10.   Cassini NAV OD solution SM828D.
   11.   Cassini Mission Plan, JPL D-5564, Cassini document 699-100, 
         revision N, May 2002.
   12.   Cassini Dust Protection Plan, JPL D-24251, Cassini document 699-525,
         revision A, October 2002. 
   13.   Bauer, Simonelli, Buratti, IAU Circular 8279, 1/30/2004; 
         re-reduced by Owen 2/5/2004
 
   Most values are from the "IAU/IAG/COSPAR Working Group on
   Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the
   Planets and Satellites: 2000." All exceptions are commented
   where they occur in this file.

