/*****************************************************************************************
 *                                                                                       *
 * OpenSpace                                                                             *
 *                                                                                       *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2021                                                               *
 *                                                                                       *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this  *
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 * or substantial portions of the Software.                                              *
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#include <modules/globebrowsing/src/globelabelscomponent.h>

#include <modules/globebrowsing/globebrowsingmodule.h>
#include <modules/globebrowsing/src/renderableglobe.h>
#include <openspace/documentation/documentation.h>
#include <openspace/documentation/verifier.h>
#include <openspace/engine/openspaceengine.h>
#include <openspace/engine/globals.h>
#include <openspace/engine/moduleengine.h>
#include <openspace/engine/windowdelegate.h>
#include <openspace/util/updatestructures.h>
#include <ghoul/filesystem/cachemanager.h>
#include <ghoul/filesystem/filesystem.h>
#include <ghoul/font/fontmanager.h>
#include <ghoul/font/fontrenderer.h>
#include <ghoul/logging/logmanager.h>
#include <ghoul/misc/dictionary.h>
#include <ghoul/misc/profiling.h>
#include <ghoul/opengl/programobject.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <filesystem>
#include <fstream>
#include <locale>
#include <optional>

namespace {
    constexpr const char* _loggerCat = "GlobeLabels";

    constexpr const double LabelFadeOutLimitAltitudeMeters = 25000.0;
    constexpr const float MinOpacityValueConst = 0.009f;

    enum LabelRenderingAlignmentType {
        Horizontally = 0,
        Circularly
    };

    constexpr int8_t CurrentCacheVersion = 1;

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsInfo = {
        "Labels",
        "Labels Enabled",
        "Enables and disables the rendering of labels on the globe surface from "
        "the csv label file"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsEnableInfo = {
        "Enable",
        "Enable",
        "Enables and disables labels' rendering from the asset file."
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsFontSizeInfo = {
        "LabelsFontSize",
        "Labels Font Size",
        "Font size for the rendering labels. This is different fromt text size."
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsMaxSizeInfo = {
        "LabelsMaxSize",
        "Labels Maximum Text Size",
        "Maximum label size"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsMinSizeInfo = {
        "LabelsMinSize",
        "Labels Minimum Text Size",
        "Minimum label size"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsSizeInfo = {
        "LabelsSize",
        "Labels Size",
        "Labels Size"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsMinHeightInfo = {
        "LabelsMinHeight",
        "Labels Minimum Height",
        "Labels Minimum Height"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsColorInfo = {
        "LabelsColor",
        "Labels Color",
        "Labels Color"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsOpacityInfo = {
        "LabelsOpacity",
        "Labels Opacity",
        "Labels Opacity"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo
        LabelsFadeInStartingDistanceInfo =
    {
        "FadeInStartingDistance",
        "Fade In Starting Distance for Labels",
        "Fade In Starting Distance for Labels"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo
        LabelsFadeOutStartingDistanceInfo =
    {
        "FadeOutStartingDistance",
        "Fade Out Starting Distance for Labels",
        "Fade Out Starting Distance for Labels"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsFadeInEnabledInfo = {
        "LabelsFadeInEnabled",
        "Labels fade In enabled",
        "Labels fade In enabled"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsFadeOutEnabledInfo = {
        "LabelsFadeOutEnabled",
        "Labels fade Out enabled",
        "Labels fade Out enabled"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo
        LabelsDisableCullingEnabledInfo =
    {
        "LabelsDisableCullingEnabled",
        "Labels culling disabled",
        "Labels culling disabled"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelsDistanceEPSInfo = {
        "LabelsDistanceEPS",
        "Labels culling distance from globe's center",
        "Labels culling distance from globe's center"
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo LabelAlignmentOptionInfo = {
        "LabelAlignmentOption",
        "Label Alignment Option",
        "Labels are aligned horizontally or circularly related to the planet."
    };

    struct [[codegen::Dictionary(GlobeLabelsComponent)]] Parameters {
        // The path to the labels file
        std::optional<std::filesystem::path> fileName;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> labels;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsEnableInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> enable;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsFontSizeInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> labelsFontSize;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsMinSizeInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<int> labelsMinSize;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsMaxSizeInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<int> labelsMaxSize;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsSizeInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> labelsSize;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsMinHeightInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> labelsMinHeight;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsColorInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<glm::vec3> labelsColor [[codegen::color()]];

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsOpacityInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> labelsOpacity [[codegen::inrange(0.f, 1.f)]];

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsFadeInStartingDistanceInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> fadeInStartingDistance;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsFadeOutStartingDistanceInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> fadeOutStartingDistance;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsFadeInEnabledInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> labelsFadeInEnabled;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsFadeOutEnabledInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> labelsFadeOutEnabled;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsDisableCullingEnabledInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> labelsDisableCullingEnabled;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelsDistanceEPSInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> labelsDistanceEPS;

        enum class Alignment {
            Horizontally,
            Circularly
        };
        // [[codegen::verbatim(LabelAlignmentOptionInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<Alignment> labelAlignmentOption;
    };
#include "globelabelscomponent_codegen.cpp"
} // namespace

namespace openspace {

documentation::Documentation GlobeLabelsComponent::Documentation() {
    return codegen::doc<Parameters>("globebrowsing_globelabelscomponent");
}

GlobeLabelsComponent::GlobeLabelsComponent()
    : properties::PropertyOwner({ "Labels" })
    , _labelsEnabled(LabelsInfo, false)
    , _labelsFontSize(LabelsFontSizeInfo, 30, 1, 300)
    , _labelsMaxSize(LabelsMaxSizeInfo, 300, 10, 1000)
    , _labelsMinSize(LabelsMinSizeInfo, 4, 1, 100)
    , _labelsSize(LabelsSizeInfo, 2.5, 0, 30)
    , _labelsMinHeight(LabelsMinHeightInfo, 100.0, 0.0, 10000.0)
    , _labelsColor(
        LabelsColorInfo,
        glm::vec3(1.f, 1.f, 0.f),
        glm::vec3(0.f),
        glm::vec3(1.f)
    )
    , _labelsOpacity(LabelsOpacityInfo, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f)
    , _labelsFadeInDist(LabelsFadeInStartingDistanceInfo, 1e6, 1e3, 1e8)
    , _labelsFadeOutDist(LabelsFadeOutStartingDistanceInfo, 1e4, 1, 1e7)
    , _labelsFadeInEnabled(LabelsFadeInEnabledInfo, false)
    , _labelsFadeOutEnabled(LabelsFadeOutEnabledInfo, false)
    , _labelsDisableCullingEnabled(LabelsDisableCullingEnabledInfo, false)
    , _labelsDistanceEPS(LabelsDistanceEPSInfo, 100000.f, 1000.f, 10000000.f)
    , _labelAlignmentOption(
        LabelAlignmentOptionInfo,
        properties::OptionProperty::DisplayType::Dropdown
    )
{
    addProperty(_labelsEnabled);
    addProperty(_labelsFontSize);
    addProperty(_labelsSize);
    addProperty(_labelsMinHeight);
    _labelsColor.setViewOption(properties::Property::ViewOptions::Color);
    addProperty(_labelsColor);
    addProperty(_labelsOpacity);
    addProperty(_labelsFadeInDist);
    addProperty(_labelsFadeOutDist);
    addProperty(_labelsMinSize);
    addProperty(_labelsFadeInEnabled);
    addProperty(_labelsFadeOutEnabled);
    addProperty(_labelsDisableCullingEnabled);
    addProperty(_labelsDistanceEPS);

    _labelAlignmentOption.addOption(Horizontally, "Horizontally");
    _labelAlignmentOption.addOption(Circularly, "Circularly");
    _labelAlignmentOption = Horizontally;
    addProperty(_labelAlignmentOption);
}

void GlobeLabelsComponent::initialize(const ghoul::Dictionary& dictionary,
                                      globebrowsing::RenderableGlobe* globe)
{
    ZoneScoped
    _globe = globe;

    const Parameters p = codegen::bake<Parameters>(dictionary);
    if (!p.fileName.has_value()) {
        return;
    }

    const bool loadSuccess = loadLabelsData(absPath(p.fileName->string()).string());
    if (!loadSuccess) {
        return;
    }

    _labelsEnabled = p.enable.value_or(true);
    _labelsFontSize = p.labelsFontSize.value_or(_labelsFontSize);
    _labelsFontSize.onChange([this]() { initializeFonts(); });
    _labelsSize = p.labelsSize.value_or(_labelsSize);
    _labelsMinHeight = p.labelsMinHeight.value_or(_labelsMinHeight);
    _labelsColor = p.labelsColor.value_or(_labelsColor);
    _labelsOpacity = p.labelsOpacity.value_or(_labelsOpacity);
    _labelsFadeInEnabled = p.labelsFadeInEnabled.value_or(_labelsFadeInEnabled);
    _labelsFadeInDist = p.fadeInStartingDistance.value_or(_labelsFadeInDist);
    _labelsFadeOutEnabled = p.labelsFadeOutEnabled.value_or(_labelsFadeOutEnabled);
    _labelsFadeOutDist = p.fadeOutStartingDistance.value_or(_labelsFadeOutDist);
    _labelsMinSize = p.labelsMinSize.value_or(_labelsMinSize);
    _labelsMaxSize = p.labelsMaxSize.value_or(_labelsMaxSize);
    _labelsDisableCullingEnabled =
        p.labelsDisableCullingEnabled.value_or(_labelsDisableCullingEnabled);
    _labelsDistanceEPS = p.labelsDistanceEPS.value_or(_labelsDistanceEPS);

    if (p.labelAlignmentOption.has_value()) {
        switch (*p.labelAlignmentOption) {
            case Parameters::Alignment::Horizontally:
                _labelAlignmentOption = Horizontally;
                break;
            case Parameters::Alignment::Circularly:
                _labelAlignmentOption = Circularly;
                break;
            default:
                throw ghoul::MissingCaseException();
        }
    }

    initializeFonts();
}

void GlobeLabelsComponent::initializeFonts() {
    _font = openspace::global::fontManager->font(
        "Mono",
        static_cast<float>(_labelsFontSize),
        ghoul::fontrendering::FontManager::Outline::Yes,
        ghoul::fontrendering::FontManager::LoadGlyphs::No
    );
}

bool GlobeLabelsComponent::loadLabelsData(const std::string& file) {
    std::string cachedFile = FileSys.cacheManager()->cachedFilename(
        file,
        "GlobeLabelsComponent|" + identifier()
    );

    bool hasCachedFile = std::filesystem::is_regular_file(cachedFile);
    if (hasCachedFile) {
        LINFO(fmt::format("Cached file '{}' used for labels file: {}", cachedFile, file));

        const bool hasCache = loadCachedFile(cachedFile);
        if (hasCache) {
            return true;
        }
        else {
            FileSys.cacheManager()->removeCacheFile(file);
            // Intentional fall-through to the 'else' to generate the cache
            // file for the next run
        }
    }
    else {
        LINFO(fmt::format("Cache for labels file '{}' not found", file));
    }
    LINFO(fmt::format("Loading labels file '{}'", file));

    bool success = readLabelsFile(file);
    if (success) {
        saveCachedFile(cachedFile);
    }
    return success;
}

bool GlobeLabelsComponent::readLabelsFile(const std::string& file) {
    try {
        std::fstream csvLabelFile(file);
        if (!csvLabelFile.good()) {
            LERROR(fmt::format("Failed to open labels file '{}'", file));
            return false;
        }
        if (!csvLabelFile.is_open()) {
            return false;
        }

        _labels.labelsArray.clear();

        std::string sline;
        while (!csvLabelFile.eof()) {
            std::getline(csvLabelFile, sline);
            if (sline.size() <= 10) {
                continue;
            }

            std::istringstream iss(sline);
            std::string token;
            std::getline(iss, token, ',');

            // First line is just the Header
            if (token == "Feature_Name") {
                continue;
            }

            LabelEntry lEntry;

            // Non-ascii characters aren't displayed correctly by the text
            // rendering (We don't have the non-ascii character in the texture
            // atlas)
            // Once this limitation is fixed, we can remove the next piece of code
            // Removing non ASCII characters:
            strncpy(lEntry.feature, token.c_str(), 256);
            int tokenChar = 0;
            while (tokenChar < 256) {
                if (lEntry.feature[tokenChar] < 0 && lEntry.feature[tokenChar] != '\0') {
                    lEntry.feature[tokenChar] = '*';
                }
                else if (lEntry.feature[tokenChar] == '\"') {
                    lEntry.feature[tokenChar] = '=';
                }
                tokenChar++;
            }

            std::getline(iss, token, ','); // Target is not used

            std::getline(iss, token, ','); // Diameter
            lEntry.diameter = std::stof(token);

            std::getline(iss, token, ','); // Latitude
            lEntry.latitude = std::stof(token);

            std::getline(iss, token, ','); // Longitude
            lEntry.longitude = std::stof(token);

            std::getline(iss, token, ','); // Coord System
            std::string coordinateSystem(token);
            std::size_t found = coordinateSystem.find("West");
            if (found != std::string::npos) {
                lEntry.longitude = 360.0f - lEntry.longitude;
            }

            // Clean white spaces
            std::istringstream issFeature(lEntry.feature);
            std::getline(issFeature, token, '=');
            if (token.empty()) {
                std::getline(issFeature, token, '=');
            }
            strncpy(lEntry.feature, token.c_str(), 256);

            GlobeBrowsingModule* _globeBrowsingModule =
                global::moduleEngine->module<openspace::GlobeBrowsingModule>();
            lEntry.geoPosition = _globeBrowsingModule->cartesianCoordinatesFromGeo(
                *_globe,
                lEntry.latitude,
                lEntry.longitude,
                lEntry.diameter
            );

            _labels.labelsArray.push_back(lEntry);
        }

        return true;
    }
    catch (const std::fstream::failure& e) {
        LERROR(fmt::format("Failed reading labels file '{}'", file));
        LERROR(e.what());
        return false;
    }
}

bool GlobeLabelsComponent::loadCachedFile(const std::string& file) {
    std::ifstream fileStream(file, std::ifstream::binary);
    if (!fileStream.good()) {
        LERROR(fmt::format("Error opening file '{}' for loading cache file", file));
        return false;
    }

    int8_t version = 0;
    fileStream.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&version), sizeof(int8_t));
    if (version != CurrentCacheVersion) {
        LINFO("The format of the cached file has changed: deleting old cache");
        fileStream.close();
        if (std::filesystem::is_regular_file(file)) {
            std::filesystem::remove(file);
        }
        return false;
    }

    int32_t nValues = 0;
    fileStream.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nValues), sizeof(int32_t));
    _labels.labelsArray.resize(nValues);

    fileStream.read(
        reinterpret_cast<char*>(_labels.labelsArray.data()),
        nValues * sizeof(LabelEntry)
    );

    return fileStream.good();
}

bool GlobeLabelsComponent::saveCachedFile(const std::string& file) const {
    std::ofstream fileStream(file, std::ofstream::binary);
    if (!fileStream.good()) {
        LERROR(fmt::format("Error opening file '{}' for save cache file", file));
        return false;
    }
    fileStream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&CurrentCacheVersion), sizeof(int8_t));

    int32_t nValues = static_cast<int32_t>(_labels.labelsArray.size());
    if (nValues == 0) {
        LERROR("Error writing cache: No values were loaded");
        return false;
    }
    fileStream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&nValues), sizeof(int32_t));

    size_t nBytes = nValues * sizeof(LabelEntry);
    fileStream.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(_labels.labelsArray.data()), nBytes);

    return fileStream.good();
}

void GlobeLabelsComponent::draw(const RenderData& data) {
    if (!_labelsEnabled) {
        return;
    }

    // Calculate the MVP matrix
    glm::dmat4 viewTransform = glm::dmat4(data.camera.combinedViewMatrix());
    glm::dmat4 vp = glm::dmat4(data.camera.sgctInternal.projectionMatrix()) *
                    viewTransform;
    glm::dmat4 mvp = vp * _globe->modelTransform();

    glm::dvec3 globePosWorld =
        glm::dvec3(_globe->modelTransform() * glm::vec4(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f));
    glm::dvec3 camToGlobeDistanceWorld = globePosWorld - data.camera.positionVec3();
    double distanceCameraGlobeWorld = glm::length(camToGlobeDistanceWorld);

    float varyingOpacity = 1.f;

    double averageRadius = (
        _globe->ellipsoid().radii().x + _globe->ellipsoid().radii().y +
        _globe->ellipsoid().radii().z
    ) / 3.0;
    if (_labelsFadeInEnabled) {
        glm::dvec2 fadeRange = glm::dvec2(averageRadius + _labelsMinHeight);
        fadeRange.x += _labelsFadeInDist;
        double a = 1.0 / (fadeRange.y - fadeRange.x);
        double b = -(fadeRange.x / (fadeRange.y - fadeRange.x));
        double funcValue = a * distanceCameraGlobeWorld + b;
        varyingOpacity *= static_cast<float>(std::min(funcValue, 1.0));

        if (varyingOpacity < MinOpacityValueConst) {
            return;
        }
    }

    if (_labelsFadeOutEnabled) {
        glm::dvec2 fadeRange = glm::dvec2(
            averageRadius + _labelsMinHeight + LabelFadeOutLimitAltitudeMeters
        );
        fadeRange.x += _labelsFadeOutDist;
        double a = 1.0 / (fadeRange.x - fadeRange.y);
        double b = -(fadeRange.y / (fadeRange.x - fadeRange.y));
        double funcValue = a * distanceCameraGlobeWorld + b;
        varyingOpacity *= static_cast<float>(std::min(funcValue, 1.0));

        if (varyingOpacity < MinOpacityValueConst) {
            return;
        }
    }

    renderLabels(data, mvp, static_cast<float>(distanceCameraGlobeWorld), varyingOpacity);
}

void GlobeLabelsComponent::renderLabels(const RenderData& data,
                                        const glm::dmat4& modelViewProjectionMatrix,
                                        float distToCamera, float fadeInVariable
) {
    glm::vec4 textColor = glm::vec4(
        glm::vec3(_labelsColor),
        _labelsOpacity * fadeInVariable
    );

    glm::dmat4 VP = glm::dmat4(data.camera.sgctInternal.projectionMatrix()) *
                    data.camera.combinedViewMatrix();

    glm::dmat4 invModelMatrix = glm::inverse(_globe->modelTransform());

    glm::dvec3 cameraViewDirectionObj = glm::dvec3(
        invModelMatrix * glm::dvec4(data.camera.viewDirectionWorldSpace(), 0.0)
    );
    glm::dvec3 cameraUpDirectionObj = glm::dvec3(
        invModelMatrix * glm::dvec4(data.camera.lookUpVectorWorldSpace(), 0.0)
    );
    glm::dvec3 orthoRight = glm::normalize(
        glm::cross(cameraViewDirectionObj, cameraUpDirectionObj)
    );
    if (orthoRight == glm::dvec3(0.0)) {
        glm::dvec3 otherVector(
            cameraUpDirectionObj.y,
            cameraUpDirectionObj.x,
            cameraUpDirectionObj.z
        );
        orthoRight = glm::normalize(glm::cross(otherVector, cameraViewDirectionObj));
    }
    glm::dvec3 orthoUp = glm::normalize(glm::cross(orthoRight, cameraViewDirectionObj));

    for (const LabelEntry& lEntry : _labels.labelsArray) {
        glm::vec3 position = lEntry.geoPosition;
        glm::dvec3 locationPositionWorld =
            glm::dvec3(_globe->modelTransform() * glm::dvec4(position, 1.0));
        double distanceCameraToLabelWorld =
            glm::length(locationPositionWorld - data.camera.positionVec3());

        if (_labelsDisableCullingEnabled ||
            ((distToCamera > (distanceCameraToLabelWorld + _labelsDistanceEPS)) &&
            isLabelInFrustum(VP, locationPositionWorld)))
        {
            if (_labelAlignmentOption == Circularly) {
                glm::dvec3 labelNormalObj = glm::dvec3(
                    invModelMatrix * glm::dvec4(data.camera.positionVec3(), 1.0)
                ) - glm::dvec3(position);

                glm::dvec3 labelUpDirectionObj = glm::dvec3(position);

                orthoRight = glm::normalize(
                    glm::cross(labelUpDirectionObj, labelNormalObj)
                );
                if (orthoRight == glm::dvec3(0.0)) {
                    glm::dvec3 otherVector(
                        labelUpDirectionObj.y,
                        labelUpDirectionObj.x,
                        labelUpDirectionObj.z
                    );
                    orthoRight = glm::normalize(glm::cross(otherVector, labelNormalObj));
                }
                orthoUp = glm::normalize(glm::cross(labelNormalObj, orthoRight));
            }

            position += _labelsMinHeight;

            ghoul::fontrendering::FontRenderer::ProjectedLabelsInformation labelInfo;
            labelInfo.orthoRight = orthoRight;
            labelInfo.orthoUp = orthoUp;
            labelInfo.minSize = _labelsMinSize;
            labelInfo.maxSize = _labelsMaxSize;
            labelInfo.cameraPos = data.camera.positionVec3();
            labelInfo.cameraLookUp = data.camera.lookUpVectorWorldSpace();
            labelInfo.renderType = 0;
            labelInfo.mvpMatrix = modelViewProjectionMatrix;
            labelInfo.scale = powf(2.f, _labelsSize);
            labelInfo.enableDepth = true;
            labelInfo.enableFalseDepth = true;
            labelInfo.disableTransmittance = true;

            // Testing
            glm::dmat4 modelviewTransform = glm::dmat4(data.camera.combinedViewMatrix()) *
                                            _globe->modelTransform();
            labelInfo.modelViewMatrix = modelviewTransform;
            labelInfo.projectionMatrix = glm::dmat4(
                data.camera.sgctInternal.projectionMatrix()
            );

            ghoul::fontrendering::FontRenderer::defaultProjectionRenderer().render(
                *_font,
                position,
                lEntry.feature,
                textColor,
                labelInfo
            );
        }
    }
}

bool GlobeLabelsComponent::isLabelInFrustum(const glm::dmat4& MVMatrix,
                                            const glm::dvec3& position) const
{

    // Frustum Planes
    glm::dvec3 col1(MVMatrix[0][0], MVMatrix[1][0], MVMatrix[2][0]);
    glm::dvec3 col2(MVMatrix[0][1], MVMatrix[1][1], MVMatrix[2][1]);
    glm::dvec3 col3(MVMatrix[0][2], MVMatrix[1][2], MVMatrix[2][2]);
    glm::dvec3 col4(MVMatrix[0][3], MVMatrix[1][3], MVMatrix[2][3]);

    glm::dvec3 leftNormal = col4 + col1;
    glm::dvec3 rightNormal = col4 - col1;
    glm::dvec3 bottomNormal = col4 + col2;
    glm::dvec3 topNormal = col4 - col2;
    glm::dvec3 nearNormal = col3 + col4;
    glm::dvec3 farNormal = col4 - col3;

    // Plane Distances
    double leftDistance = MVMatrix[3][3] + MVMatrix[3][0];
    double rightDistance = MVMatrix[3][3] - MVMatrix[3][0];
    double bottomDistance = MVMatrix[3][3] + MVMatrix[3][1];
    double topDistance = MVMatrix[3][3] - MVMatrix[3][1];
    double nearDistance = MVMatrix[3][3] + MVMatrix[3][2];
    // double farDistance = MVMatrix[3][3] - MVMatrix[3][2];

    // Normalize Planes
    const double invMagLeft = 1.0 / glm::length(leftNormal);
    leftNormal *= invMagLeft;
    leftDistance *= invMagLeft;

    const double invMagRight = 1.0 / glm::length(rightNormal);
    rightNormal *= invMagRight;
    rightDistance *= invMagRight;

    const double invMagBottom = 1.0 / glm::length(bottomNormal);
    bottomNormal *= invMagBottom;
    bottomDistance *= invMagBottom;

    const double invMagTop = 1.0 / glm::length(topNormal);
    topNormal *= invMagTop;
    topDistance *= invMagTop;

    const double invMagNear = 1.0 / glm::length(nearNormal);
    nearNormal *= invMagNear;
    nearDistance *= invMagNear;

    const double invMagFar = 1.0 / glm::length(farNormal);
    farNormal *= invMagFar;
    // farDistance *= invMagFar;

    constexpr const float Radius = 1.0;

    if ((glm::dot(leftNormal, position) + leftDistance) < -Radius) {
        return false;
    }
    else if ((glm::dot(rightNormal, position) + rightDistance) < -Radius) {
        return false;
    }
    else if ((glm::dot(bottomNormal, position) + bottomDistance) < -Radius) {
        return false;
    }
    else if ((glm::dot(topNormal, position) + topDistance) < -Radius) {
        return false;
    }
    else if ((glm::dot(nearNormal, position) + nearDistance) < -Radius) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

} // namespace openspace