/*****************************************************************************************
 *                                                                                       *
 * OpenSpace                                                                             *
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 * Copyright (c) 2014-2023                                                               *
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#include <modules/base/rendering/renderabletimevaryingsphere.h>

#include <modules/base/basemodule.h>
#include <openspace/documentation/documentation.h>
#include <openspace/documentation/verifier.h>
#include <openspace/engine/globals.h>
#include <openspace/rendering/renderengine.h>
#include <openspace/util/sphere.h>
#include <openspace/util/updatestructures.h>
#include <ghoul/filesystem/filesystem.h>
#include <ghoul/glm.h>
#include <ghoul/io/texture/texturereader.h>
#include <ghoul/logging/logmanager.h>
#include <ghoul/misc/crc32.h>
#include <ghoul/opengl/texture.h>
#include <ghoul/opengl/textureunit.h>
#include <ghoul/opengl/programobject.h>
#include <filesystem>
#include <optional>

namespace {
    constexpr std::array<const char*, 5> UniformNames = {
        "opacity", "modelViewProjection", "modelViewRotation", "colorTexture",
        "mirrorTexture"
    };

    enum class Orientation {
        Outside = 0,
        Inside,
        Both
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo TextureSourceInfo = {
        "TextureSource",
        "Texture Source",
        "This value specifies a directory of images that are loaded from disk and is "
        "used as a texture that is applied to this sphere. The images are expected to "
        "be an equirectangular projection",
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::AdvancedUser
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo MirrorTextureInfo = {
        "MirrorTexture",
        "Mirror Texture",
        "Mirror the texture along the x-axis",
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::User
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo OrientationInfo = {
        "Orientation",
        "Orientation",
        "Specifies whether the texture is applied to the inside of the sphere, the "
        "outside of the sphere, or both",
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::AdvancedUser
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo SegmentsInfo = {
        "Segments",
        "Number of Segments",
        "This value specifies the number of segments that the sphere is separated in",
        // @VISIBILITY(2.67)
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::User
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo SizeInfo = {
        "Size",
        "Size (in meters)",
        "This value specifies the radius of the sphere in meters",
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::AdvancedUser
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo FadeOutThresholdInfo = {
        "FadeOutThreshold",
        "Fade-Out Threshold",
        "This value determines percentage of the sphere is visible before starting "
        "fading-out it",
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::AdvancedUser
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo FadeInThresholdInfo = {
        "FadeInThreshold",
        "Fade-In Threshold",
        "Distance from center of MilkyWay from where the astronomical object starts to "
        "fade in",
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::AdvancedUser
    };

    constexpr openspace::properties::Property::PropertyInfo DisableFadeInOutInfo = {
        "DisableFadeInOut",
        "Disable Fade-In/Fade-Out effects",
        "Enables/Disables the Fade-In/Out effects",
        // @VISIBILITY(2.33)
        openspace::properties::Property::Visibility::User
    };

    struct [[codegen::Dictionary(RenderableTimeVaryingSphere)]] Parameters {
        // [[codegen::verbatim(SizeInfo.description)]]
        float size;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(SegmentsInfo.description)]]
        int segments;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(TextureSourceInfo.description)]]
        std::string textureSource;

        enum class [[codegen::map(Orientation)]] Orientation {
            Outside,
            Inside,
            Both
        };

        // [[codegen::verbatim(OrientationInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<Orientation> orientation;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(MirrorTextureInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> mirrorTexture;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(FadeOutThresholdInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> fadeOutThreshold [[codegen::inrange(0.0, 1.0)]];

        // [[codegen::verbatim(FadeInThresholdInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<float> fadeInThreshold;

        // [[codegen::verbatim(DisableFadeInOutInfo.description)]]
        std::optional<bool> disableFadeInOut;
    };
#include "renderabletimevaryingsphere_codegen.cpp"
} // namespace

namespace openspace {

double extractTriggerTimeFromFileName(const std::string& filePath);

documentation::Documentation RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::Documentation() {
    return codegen::doc<Parameters>("base_renderable_time_varying_sphere");
}

RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::RenderableTimeVaryingSphere(
                                                      const ghoul::Dictionary& dictionary)
    : Renderable(dictionary)
    , _textureSourcePath(TextureSourceInfo)
    , _orientation(OrientationInfo, properties::OptionProperty::DisplayType::Dropdown)
    , _size(SizeInfo, 1.f, 0.f, 1e35f)
    , _segments(SegmentsInfo, 8, 4, 1000)
    , _mirrorTexture(MirrorTextureInfo, false)
    , _disableFadeInDistance(DisableFadeInOutInfo, true)
    , _fadeInThreshold(FadeInThresholdInfo, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f)
    , _fadeOutThreshold(FadeOutThresholdInfo, -1.f, -1.f, 1.f)
{
    const Parameters p = codegen::bake<Parameters>(dictionary);

    addProperty(Fadeable::_opacity);

    _size = p.size;
    _segments = p.segments;
    _textureSourcePath = p.textureSource;

    _orientation.addOptions({
        { static_cast<int>(Orientation::Outside), "Outside" },
        { static_cast<int>(Orientation::Inside), "Inside" },
        { static_cast<int>(Orientation::Both), "Both" }
    });

    if (p.orientation.has_value()) {
        _orientation = static_cast<int>(codegen::map<Orientation>(*p.orientation));
    }
    else {
        _orientation = static_cast<int>(Orientation::Outside);
    }
    addProperty(_orientation);

    _size.setExponent(20.f);
    _size.onChange([this]() {
        setBoundingSphere(_size);
        _sphereIsDirty = true;
    });
    addProperty(_size);

    addProperty(_segments);
    _segments.onChange([this]() { _sphereIsDirty = true; });

    addProperty(_mirrorTexture);
    addProperty(_fadeOutThreshold);
    addProperty(_fadeInThreshold);

    _mirrorTexture = p.mirrorTexture.value_or(_mirrorTexture);
    _fadeOutThreshold = p.fadeOutThreshold.value_or(_fadeOutThreshold);
    _fadeInThreshold = p.fadeInThreshold.value_or(_fadeInThreshold);

    if (_fadeOutThreshold || _fadeInThreshold) {
        _disableFadeInDistance = false;
        addProperty(_disableFadeInDistance);
    }

    setBoundingSphere(_size);
}

bool RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::isReady() const {
    return _shader && _texture;
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::initializeGL() {
    _sphere = std::make_unique<Sphere>(_size, _segments);
    _sphere->initialize();

    _shader = BaseModule::ProgramObjectManager.request(
        "Timevarying Sphere",
        []() -> std::unique_ptr<ghoul::opengl::ProgramObject> {
            return global::renderEngine->buildRenderProgram(
                "Timevarying Sphere",
                absPath("${MODULE_BASE}/shaders/sphere_vs.glsl"),
                absPath("${MODULE_BASE}/shaders/sphere_fs.glsl")
            );
        }
    );
    _shader->setIgnoreUniformLocationError(
        ghoul::opengl::ProgramObject::IgnoreError::Yes
    );

    ghoul::opengl::updateUniformLocations(*_shader, _uniformCache, UniformNames);
    extractMandatoryInfoFromSourceFolder();
    computeSequenceEndTime();
    loadTexture();
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::deinitializeGL() {
    _texture = nullptr;

    BaseModule::ProgramObjectManager.release(
        "Timevarying Sphere",
        [](ghoul::opengl::ProgramObject* p) {
            global::renderEngine->removeRenderProgram(p);
        }
    );
    _files.clear();
    _shader = nullptr;
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::render(const RenderData& data, RendererTasks&) {
    Orientation orientation = static_cast<Orientation>(_orientation.value());

    glm::dmat4 modelTransform =
        glm::translate(glm::dmat4(1.0), data.modelTransform.translation) *
        glm::dmat4(data.modelTransform.rotation) *
        glm::scale(glm::dmat4(1.0), glm::dvec3(data.modelTransform.scale));

    glm::dmat3 modelRotation = data.modelTransform.rotation;

    _shader->activate();

    glm::mat4 modelViewProjection = data.camera.projectionMatrix() *
                             glm::mat4(data.camera.combinedViewMatrix() * modelTransform);
    _shader->setUniform(_uniformCache.modelViewProjection, modelViewProjection);

    glm::mat3 modelViewRotation = glm::mat3(
        glm::dmat3(data.camera.viewRotationMatrix()) * modelRotation
    );
    _shader->setUniform(_uniformCache.modelViewRotation, modelViewRotation);

    float adjustedOpacity = opacity();

    if (!_disableFadeInDistance) {
        if (_fadeInThreshold > -1.0) {
            const float logDistCamera = glm::log(static_cast<float>(
                glm::distance(data.camera.positionVec3(), data.modelTransform.translation)
            ));
            const float startLogFadeDistance = glm::log(_size * _fadeInThreshold);
            const float stopLogFadeDistance = startLogFadeDistance + 1.f;

            if (logDistCamera > startLogFadeDistance &&
                logDistCamera < stopLogFadeDistance)
            {
                const float fadeFactor = glm::clamp(
                    (logDistCamera - startLogFadeDistance) /
                        (stopLogFadeDistance - startLogFadeDistance),
                    0.f,
                    1.f
                );
                adjustedOpacity *= fadeFactor;
            }
            else if (logDistCamera <= startLogFadeDistance) {
                adjustedOpacity = 0.f;
            }
        }

        if (_fadeOutThreshold > -1.0) {
            const float logDistCamera = glm::log(static_cast<float>(
                glm::distance(data.camera.positionVec3(), data.modelTransform.translation)
            ));
            const float startLogFadeDistance = glm::log(_size * _fadeOutThreshold);
            const float stopLogFadeDistance = startLogFadeDistance + 1.f;

            if (logDistCamera > startLogFadeDistance &&
                logDistCamera < stopLogFadeDistance)
            {
                const float fadeFactor = glm::clamp(
                    (logDistCamera - startLogFadeDistance) /
                        (stopLogFadeDistance - startLogFadeDistance),
                    0.f,
                    1.f
                );
                adjustedOpacity *= (1.f - fadeFactor);
            }
            else if (logDistCamera >= stopLogFadeDistance) {
                adjustedOpacity = 0.f;
            }
        }
    }
    // Performance wise
    if (adjustedOpacity < 0.01f) {
        return;
    }

    _shader->setUniform(_uniformCache.opacity, adjustedOpacity);
    _shader->setUniform(_uniformCache._mirrorTexture, _mirrorTexture);

    ghoul::opengl::TextureUnit unit;
    unit.activate();
    _texture->bind();
    _shader->setUniform(_uniformCache.colorTexture, unit);

    // Setting these states should not be necessary,
    // since they are the default state in OpenSpace.
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    glCullFace(GL_BACK);

    if (orientation == Orientation::Inside) {
        glCullFace(GL_FRONT);
    }
    else if (orientation == Orientation::Both) {
        glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    }

    if (_renderBin == Renderable::RenderBin::PreDeferredTransparent) {
        glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE);
        glDepthMask(false);
    }

    _sphere->render();

    if (_renderBin == Renderable::RenderBin::PreDeferredTransparent) {
        glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
        glDepthMask(true);
    }

    _shader->setIgnoreUniformLocationError(ghoul::opengl::ProgramObject::IgnoreError::No);
    _shader->deactivate();

    if (orientation == Orientation::Inside) {
        glCullFace(GL_BACK);
    }
    else if (orientation == Orientation::Both) {
        glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
    }
    glDisable(GL_CULL_FACE);
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::extractMandatoryInfoFromSourceFolder() {
    // Ensure that the source folder exists and then extract
    // the files with the same extension as <inputFileTypeString>
    namespace fs = std::filesystem;
    fs::path sourceFolder = absPath(_textureSourcePath);
    if (!std::filesystem::is_directory(sourceFolder)) {
        throw ghoul::RuntimeError(
            "Source folder for timevaryingsphere is not a valid directory"
        );
    }
    // Extract all file paths from the provided folder
    _files.clear();
    namespace fs = std::filesystem;
    for (const fs::directory_entry& e : fs::directory_iterator(sourceFolder)) {
        if (!e.is_regular_file()) {
            continue;
        }
        std::string filePath = e.path().string();
        double time = extractTriggerTimeFromFileName(filePath);
        std::unique_ptr<ghoul::opengl::Texture> t =
            ghoul::io::TextureReader::ref().loadTexture(filePath, 2);

        t->setInternalFormat(GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA);
        t->uploadTexture();
        t->setFilter(ghoul::opengl::Texture::FilterMode::Linear);
        t->purgeFromRAM();

        _files.push_back({ filePath, time, std::move(t) });
    }

    std::sort(
        _files.begin(), _files.end(),
        [](const FileData& a, const FileData& b) {
            return a.time < b.time;
        }
    );
    // Ensure that there are available and valid source files left
    if (_files.empty()) {
        throw ghoul::RuntimeError(
            "Source folder for timevaryingsphere contains no files"
        );
    }
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::update(const UpdateData& data) {
    if (!_enabled) {
        return;
    }
    if (_shader->isDirty()) {
        _shader->rebuildFromFile();
        ghoul::opengl::updateUniformLocations(*_shader, _uniformCache, UniformNames);
    }
    const double currentTime = data.time.j2000Seconds();
    const bool isInInterval = (currentTime >= _files[0].time) &&
        (currentTime < _sequenceEndTime);
    if (isInInterval) {
        const size_t nextIdx = _activeTriggerTimeIndex + 1;
        if (
            // true => We stepped back to a time represented by another state
            currentTime < _files[_activeTriggerTimeIndex].time ||
            // true => We stepped forward to a time represented by another state
            (nextIdx < _files.size() && currentTime >= _files[nextIdx].time))
        {
            updateActiveTriggerTimeIndex(currentTime);
            _sphereIsDirty = true;
        } // else {we're still in same state as previous frame (no changes needed)}
    }
    else {
        // not in interval => set everything to false
        _activeTriggerTimeIndex = 0;
    }
    if (_sphereIsDirty) {
        _sphere = std::make_unique<Sphere>(_size, _segments);
        _sphere->initialize();
        loadTexture();
        _sphereIsDirty = false;
    }
}

// Extract J2000 time from file names
// Requires files to be named as such: 'YYYY-MM-DDTHH-MM-SS-XXX.png'
double extractTriggerTimeFromFileName(const std::string& filePath) {
    // Extract the filename from the path (without extension)
    std::string timeString = std::filesystem::path(filePath).stem().string();

    // Ensure the separators are correct
    timeString.replace(4, 1, "-");
    timeString.replace(7, 1, "-");
    timeString.replace(13, 1, ":");
    timeString.replace(16, 1, ":");
    timeString.replace(19, 1, ".");

    return Time::convertTime(timeString);
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::updateActiveTriggerTimeIndex(double currentTime) {
    auto iter = std::upper_bound(
        _files.begin(), _files.end(), currentTime,
        [](double value, const FileData& f) {
            return value < f.time;
        }
    );
    if (iter != _files.end()) {
        if (iter != _files.begin()) {
            ptrdiff_t idx = std::distance(_files.begin(), iter);
            _activeTriggerTimeIndex = static_cast<int>(idx - 1);
        }
        else {
            _activeTriggerTimeIndex = 0;
        }
    }
    else {
        _activeTriggerTimeIndex = static_cast<int>(_files.size()) - 1;
    }
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::computeSequenceEndTime() {
    if (_files.size() > 1) {
        const double lastTriggerTime = _files[_files.size() - 1].time;
        const double sequenceDuration = lastTriggerTime - _files[0].time;
        const double averageStateDuration = sequenceDuration /
            (static_cast<double>(_files.size()) - 1.0);
        _sequenceEndTime = lastTriggerTime + averageStateDuration;
    }
}

void RenderableTimeVaryingSphere::loadTexture() {
    if (_activeTriggerTimeIndex != -1) {
        _texture = _files[_activeTriggerTimeIndex].texture.get();
    }
}
} // namespace openspace