diff --git a/libs/python/computer/computer/computer.py b/libs/python/computer/computer/computer.py
index 1fbb38e5..7bf0717f 100644
--- a/libs/python/computer/computer/computer.py
+++ b/libs/python/computer/computer/computer.py
@@ -7,7 +7,15 @@ import platform
 import re
 import time
 import traceback
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Awaitable, Callable, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, Union, cast, TypeVar
+from functools import wraps
+try:
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec  # type: ignore
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+R = TypeVar("R")
 
 from core.telemetry import is_telemetry_enabled, record_event
 from PIL import Image
@@ -980,7 +988,7 @@ class Computer:
         else:
             # POSIX (macOS/Linux)
             venv_path = f"$HOME/.venvs/{venv_name}"
-            create_cmd = f'mkdir -p "$HOME/.venvs" && python3 -m venv "{venv_path}"'
+            create_cmd = f'mkdir -p "$HOME/.venvs" && python -m venv "{venv_path}"'
             # Check if venv exists, if not create it
             check_cmd = f'test -d "{venv_path}" || ({create_cmd})'
             _ = await self.interface.run_command(check_cmd)
@@ -991,8 +999,26 @@ class Computer:
                 if requirements_str
                 else "echo No requirements to install"
             )
-            return await self.interface.run_command(install_cmd)
+        return await self.interface.run_command(install_cmd)
+    
+    async def pip_install(self, requirements: list[str]):
+        """Install packages using the system Python/pip (no venv).
 
+        Args:
+            requirements: List of package requirements to install globally/user site.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of (stdout, stderr) from the installation command
+        """
+        requirements = requirements or []
+        if not requirements:
+            return await self.interface.run_command("echo No requirements to install")
+
+        # Use python -m pip for cross-platform consistency
+        reqs = " ".join(requirements)
+        install_cmd = f"python -m pip install {reqs}"
+        return await self.interface.run_command(install_cmd)
+    
     async def venv_cmd(self, venv_name: str, command: str):
         """Execute a shell command in a virtual environment.
 
@@ -1068,19 +1094,23 @@ class Computer:
             raise Exception(f"Failed to reconstruct function source: {e}")
 
         # Create Python code that will define and execute the function
+        args_b64 = base64.b64encode(args_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+        kwargs_b64 = base64.b64encode(kwargs_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+
         python_code = f'''
 import json
 import traceback
+import base64
 
 try:
     # Define the function from source
 {textwrap.indent(func_source, "    ")}
     
-    # Deserialize args and kwargs from JSON
-    args_json = """{args_json}"""
-    kwargs_json = """{kwargs_json}"""
-    args = json.loads(args_json)
-    kwargs = json.loads(kwargs_json)
+    # Deserialize args and kwargs from base64 JSON
+    _args_b64 = """{args_b64}"""
+    _kwargs_b64 = """{kwargs_b64}"""
+    args = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_args_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    kwargs = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_kwargs_b64).decode('utf-8'))
     
     # Execute the function
     result = {func_name}(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -1144,10 +1174,21 @@ print(f"<<<VENV_EXEC_START>>>{{output_json}}<<<VENV_EXEC_END>>>")
                 if output_payload["success"]:
                     return output_payload["result"]
                 else:
+                    import builtins
+                    
                     # Recreate and raise the original exception
-                    error_info = output_payload["error"]
-                    error_class = eval(error_info["type"])
-                    raise error_class(error_info["message"])
+                    error_info = output_payload.get("error", {}) or {}
+                    err_type = error_info.get("type") or "Exception"
+                    err_msg = error_info.get("message") or ""
+                    err_tb = error_info.get("traceback") or ""
+
+                    exc_cls = getattr(builtins, err_type, None)
+                    if isinstance(exc_cls, type) and issubclass(exc_cls, BaseException):
+                        # Built-in exception: rethrow with remote traceback appended
+                        raise exc_cls(f"{err_msg}\n\nRemote traceback:\n{err_tb}")
+                    else:
+                        # Non built-in: raise a safe local error carrying full remote context
+                        raise RuntimeError(f"{err_type}: {err_msg}\n\nRemote traceback:\n{err_tb}")
             else:
                 raise Exception("Invalid output format: markers found but no content between them")
         else:
@@ -1155,3 +1196,348 @@ print(f"<<<VENV_EXEC_START>>>{{output_json}}<<<VENV_EXEC_END>>>")
             raise Exception(
                 f"No output payload found. stdout: {result.stdout}, stderr: {result.stderr}"
             )
+
+    async def venv_exec_background(self, venv_name: str, python_func, *args, requirements: Optional[List[str]] = None, **kwargs) -> int:
+        """Run the Python function in the venv in the background and return the PID.
+
+        Uses a short launcher Python that spawns a detached child and exits immediately.
+        """
+        import base64
+        import inspect
+        import json
+        import textwrap
+        import time as _time
+
+        try:
+            source = inspect.getsource(python_func)
+            func_source = textwrap.dedent(source).strip()
+            while func_source.lstrip().startswith("@"):
+                func_source = func_source.split("\n", 1)[1].strip()
+            func_name = python_func.__name__
+            args_json = json.dumps(args, default=str)
+            kwargs_json = json.dumps(kwargs, default=str)
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Cannot retrieve source code for function {python_func.__name__}: {e}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Failed to reconstruct function source: {e}")
+
+        reqs_list = requirements or []
+        reqs_json = json.dumps(reqs_list)
+
+        # Create Python code that will define and execute the function
+        args_b64 = base64.b64encode(args_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+        kwargs_b64 = base64.b64encode(kwargs_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+
+        payload_code = f'''
+import json
+import traceback
+import base64
+
+try:
+    # Define the function from source
+{textwrap.indent(func_source, "    ")}
+    
+    # Deserialize args and kwargs from base64 JSON
+    _args_b64 = """{args_b64}"""
+    _kwargs_b64 = """{kwargs_b64}"""
+    args = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_args_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    kwargs = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_kwargs_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    
+    # Ensure requirements inside the active venv
+    for pkg in json.loads(''' + repr(reqs_json) + '''):
+        if pkg:
+            import subprocess, sys
+            subprocess.run([sys.executable, '-m', 'pip', 'install', pkg], check=False)
+    _ = {func_name}(*args, **kwargs)
+except Exception:
+    import sys
+    sys.stderr.write(traceback.format_exc())
+'''
+        payload_b64 = base64.b64encode(payload_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+
+        if self.os_type == "windows":
+            # Launcher spawns detached child and prints its PID
+            launcher_code = f'''
+import base64, subprocess, os, sys
+DETACHED_PROCESS = 0x00000008
+CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = 0x00000200
+creationflags = DETACHED_PROCESS | CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
+code = base64.b64decode("{payload_b64}").decode("utf-8")
+p = subprocess.Popen(["python", "-c", code], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, creationflags=creationflags)
+print(p.pid)
+'''
+            launcher_b64 = base64.b64encode(launcher_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+            venv_path = f"%USERPROFILE%\\.venvs\\{venv_name}"
+            cmd = (
+                'cmd /c "'
+                f'call "{venv_path}\\Scripts\\activate.bat" && '
+                f'python -c "import base64; exec(base64.b64decode(\'{launcher_b64}\').decode(\'utf-8\'))"'
+                '"'
+            )
+            result = await self.interface.run_command(cmd)
+            pid_str = (result.stdout or "").strip().splitlines()[-1].strip()
+            return int(pid_str)
+        else:
+            log = f"/tmp/cua_bg_{int(_time.time())}.log"
+            launcher_code = f'''
+import base64, subprocess, os, sys
+code = base64.b64decode("{payload_b64}").decode("utf-8")
+with open("{log}", "ab", buffering=0) as f:
+    p = subprocess.Popen(["python", "-c", code], stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, preexec_fn=getattr(os, "setsid", None))
+print(p.pid)
+'''
+            launcher_b64 = base64.b64encode(launcher_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+            venv_path = f"$HOME/.venvs/{venv_name}"
+            shell = (
+                f'. "{venv_path}/bin/activate" && '
+                f'python -c "import base64; exec(base64.b64decode(\'{launcher_b64}\').decode(\'utf-8\'))"'
+            )
+            result = await self.interface.run_command(shell)
+            pid_str = (result.stdout or "").strip().splitlines()[-1].strip()
+            return int(pid_str)
+
+    async def python_exec(self, python_func, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Execute a Python function using the system Python (no venv).
+
+        Uses source extraction and base64 transport, mirroring venv_exec but
+        without virtual environment activation.
+
+        Returns the function result or raises a reconstructed exception with
+        remote traceback context appended.
+        """
+        import base64
+        import inspect
+        import json
+        import textwrap
+
+        try:
+            source = inspect.getsource(python_func)
+            func_source = textwrap.dedent(source).strip()
+            while func_source.lstrip().startswith("@"):
+                func_source = func_source.split("\n", 1)[1].strip()
+            func_name = python_func.__name__
+            args_json = json.dumps(args, default=str)
+            kwargs_json = json.dumps(kwargs, default=str)
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Cannot retrieve source code for function {python_func.__name__}: {e}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Failed to reconstruct function source: {e}")
+
+        # Create Python code that will define and execute the function
+        args_b64 = base64.b64encode(args_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+        kwargs_b64 = base64.b64encode(kwargs_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+
+        python_code = f'''
+import json
+import traceback
+import base64
+
+try:
+    # Define the function from source
+{textwrap.indent(func_source, "    ")}
+    
+    # Deserialize args and kwargs from base64 JSON
+    _args_b64 = """{args_b64}"""
+    _kwargs_b64 = """{kwargs_b64}"""
+    args = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_args_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    kwargs = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_kwargs_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    
+    # Execute the function
+    result = {func_name}(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    # Create success output payload
+    output_payload = {{
+        "success": True,
+        "result": result,
+        "error": None
+    }}
+    
+except Exception as e:
+    # Create error output payload
+    output_payload = {{
+        "success": False,
+        "result": None,
+        "error": {{
+            "type": type(e).__name__,
+            "message": str(e),
+            "traceback": traceback.format_exc()
+        }}
+    }}
+
+# Serialize the output payload as JSON
+import json
+output_json = json.dumps(output_payload, default=str)
+
+# Print the JSON output with markers
+print(f"<<<VENV_EXEC_START>>>{{output_json}}<<<VENV_EXEC_END>>>")
+'''
+
+        encoded_code = base64.b64encode(python_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+        python_command = (
+            f"python -c \"import base64; exec(base64.b64decode('{encoded_code}').decode('utf-8'))\""
+        )
+        result = await self.interface.run_command(python_command)
+
+        start_marker = "<<<VENV_EXEC_START>>>"
+        end_marker = "<<<VENV_EXEC_END>>>"
+
+        print(result.stdout[: result.stdout.find(start_marker)])
+
+        if start_marker in result.stdout and end_marker in result.stdout:
+            start_idx = result.stdout.find(start_marker) + len(start_marker)
+            end_idx = result.stdout.find(end_marker)
+            if start_idx < end_idx:
+                output_json = result.stdout[start_idx:end_idx]
+                try:
+                    output_payload = json.loads(output_json)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    raise Exception(f"Failed to decode output payload: {e}")
+
+                if output_payload["success"]:
+                    return output_payload["result"]
+                else:
+                    import builtins
+                    error_info = output_payload.get("error", {}) or {}
+                    err_type = error_info.get("type") or "Exception"
+                    err_msg = error_info.get("message") or ""
+                    err_tb = error_info.get("traceback") or ""
+                    exc_cls = getattr(builtins, err_type, None)
+                    if isinstance(exc_cls, type) and issubclass(exc_cls, BaseException):
+                        raise exc_cls(f"{err_msg}\n\nRemote traceback:\n{err_tb}")
+                    else:
+                        raise RuntimeError(f"{err_type}: {err_msg}\n\nRemote traceback:\n{err_tb}")
+            else:
+                raise Exception("Invalid output format: markers found but no content between them")
+        else:
+            raise Exception(
+                f"No output payload found. stdout: {result.stdout}, stderr: {result.stderr}"
+            )
+
+    async def python_exec_background(self, python_func, *args, requirements: Optional[List[str]] = None, **kwargs) -> int:
+        """Run a Python function with the system interpreter in the background and return PID.
+
+        Uses a short launcher Python that spawns a detached child and exits immediately.
+        """
+        import base64
+        import inspect
+        import json
+        import textwrap
+        import time as _time
+
+        try:
+            source = inspect.getsource(python_func)
+            func_source = textwrap.dedent(source).strip()
+            while func_source.lstrip().startswith("@"):
+                func_source = func_source.split("\n", 1)[1].strip()
+            func_name = python_func.__name__
+            args_json = json.dumps(args, default=str)
+            kwargs_json = json.dumps(kwargs, default=str)
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Cannot retrieve source code for function {python_func.__name__}: {e}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise Exception(f"Failed to reconstruct function source: {e}")
+
+        # Create Python code that will define and execute the function
+        args_b64 = base64.b64encode(args_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+        kwargs_b64 = base64.b64encode(kwargs_json.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+
+        payload_code = f'''
+import json
+import traceback
+import base64
+
+try:
+    # Define the function from source
+{textwrap.indent(func_source, "    ")}
+    
+    # Deserialize args and kwargs from base64 JSON
+    _args_b64 = """{args_b64}"""
+    _kwargs_b64 = """{kwargs_b64}"""
+    args = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_args_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    kwargs = json.loads(base64.b64decode(_kwargs_b64).decode('utf-8'))
+    
+    _ = {func_name}(*args, **kwargs)
+except Exception:
+    import sys
+    sys.stderr.write(traceback.format_exc())
+'''
+        payload_b64 = base64.b64encode(payload_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+
+        if self.os_type == "windows":
+            launcher_code = f'''
+import base64, subprocess, os, sys
+DETACHED_PROCESS = 0x00000008
+CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = 0x00000200
+creationflags = DETACHED_PROCESS | CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP
+code = base64.b64decode("{payload_b64}").decode("utf-8")
+p = subprocess.Popen(["python", "-c", code], stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, creationflags=creationflags)
+print(p.pid)
+'''
+            launcher_b64 = base64.b64encode(launcher_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+            cmd = f"python -c \"import base64; exec(base64.b64decode('{launcher_b64}').decode('utf-8'))\""
+            result = await self.interface.run_command(cmd)
+            pid_str = (result.stdout or "").strip().splitlines()[-1].strip()
+            return int(pid_str)
+        else:
+            log = f"/tmp/cua_bg_{int(_time.time())}.log"
+            launcher_code = f'''
+import base64, subprocess, os, sys
+code = base64.b64decode("{payload_b64}").decode("utf-8")
+with open("{log}", "ab", buffering=0) as f:
+    p = subprocess.Popen(["python", "-c", code], stdout=f, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, preexec_fn=getattr(os, "setsid", None))
+print(p.pid)
+'''
+            launcher_b64 = base64.b64encode(launcher_code.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+            cmd = f"python -c \"import base64; exec(base64.b64decode('{launcher_b64}').decode('utf-8'))\""
+            result = await self.interface.run_command(cmd)
+            pid_str = (result.stdout or "").strip().splitlines()[-1].strip()
+            return int(pid_str)
+
+    def python_command(
+        self,
+        requirements: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        *,
+        venv_name: str = "default",
+        use_system_python: bool = False,
+        background: bool = False,
+    ) -> Callable[[Callable[P, R]], Callable[P, Awaitable[R]]]:
+        """Decorator to execute a Python function remotely in this Computer's venv.
+
+        This mirrors `computer.helpers.sandboxed()` but binds to this instance and
+        optionally ensures required packages are installed before execution.
+
+        Args:
+            requirements: Packages to install in the virtual environment.
+            venv_name: Name of the virtual environment to use.
+            use_system_python: If True, use the system Python/pip instead of a venv.
+            background: If True, run the function detached and return the child PID immediately.
+
+        Returns:
+            A decorator that turns a local function into an async callable which
+            runs remotely and returns the function's result.
+        """
+
+        reqs = list(requirements or [])
+
+        def decorator(func: Callable[P, R]) -> Callable[P, Awaitable[R]]:
+            @wraps(func)
+            async def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
+                if use_system_python:
+                    # For background, avoid blocking installs; install inside child process
+                    if background:
+                        return await self.python_exec_background(func, *args, requirements=reqs, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+                    # Foreground: install first, then execute
+                    if reqs:
+                        await self.pip_install(reqs)
+                    return await self.python_exec(func, *args, **kwargs)
+                else:
+                    # For background, avoid blocking installs; install inside child process under venv
+                    if background:
+                        return await self.venv_exec_background(venv_name, func, *args, requirements=reqs, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+                    # Foreground: ensure venv and install, then execute
+                    await self.venv_install(venv_name, reqs)
+                    return await self.venv_exec(venv_name, func, *args, **kwargs)
+
+            return wrapper
+
+        return decorator
diff --git a/libs/python/computer/computer/helpers.py b/libs/python/computer/computer/helpers.py
index 608dcbb9..29231b56 100644
--- a/libs/python/computer/computer/helpers.py
+++ b/libs/python/computer/computer/helpers.py
@@ -5,7 +5,17 @@ Helper functions and decorators for the Computer module.
 import asyncio
 import logging
 from functools import wraps
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, TypeVar, cast
+from typing import Any, Awaitable, Callable, Optional, TypeVar
+
+try:
+    # Python 3.12+ has ParamSpec in typing
+    from typing import ParamSpec
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    # Fallback for environments without ParamSpec in typing
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec  # type: ignore
+
+P = ParamSpec("P")
+R = TypeVar("R")
 
 # Global reference to the default computer instance
 _default_computer = None
@@ -13,7 +23,7 @@ _default_computer = None
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def set_default_computer(computer):
+def set_default_computer(computer: Any) -> None:
     """
     Set the default computer instance to be used by the remote decorator.
 
@@ -24,7 +34,11 @@ def set_default_computer(computer):
     _default_computer = computer
 
 
-def sandboxed(venv_name: str = "default", computer: str = "default", max_retries: int = 3):
+def sandboxed(
+    venv_name: str = "default",
+    computer: str = "default",
+    max_retries: int = 3,
+) -> Callable[[Callable[P, R]], Callable[P, Awaitable[R]]]:
     """
     Decorator that wraps a function to be executed remotely via computer.venv_exec
 
@@ -34,9 +48,9 @@ def sandboxed(venv_name: str = "default", computer: str = "default", max_retries
         max_retries: Maximum number of retries for the remote execution
     """
 
-    def decorator(func):
+    def decorator(func: Callable[P, R]) -> Callable[P, Awaitable[R]]:
         @wraps(func)
-        async def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        async def wrapper(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> R:
             # Determine which computer instance to use
             comp = computer if computer != "default" else _default_computer
 
@@ -54,6 +68,9 @@ def sandboxed(venv_name: str = "default", computer: str = "default", max_retries
                     if i == max_retries - 1:
                         raise e
 
+            # Should be unreachable because we either returned or raised
+            raise RuntimeError("sandboxed wrapper reached unreachable code path")
+
         return wrapper
 
     return decorator