diff --git a/go/store/blobstore/git_blobstore_helpers_test.go b/go/store/blobstore/git_blobstore_helpers_test.go
index 8080f4e838..be763240d1 100644
--- a/go/store/blobstore/git_blobstore_helpers_test.go
+++ b/go/store/blobstore/git_blobstore_helpers_test.go
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ type fakeGitAPI struct {
 	listTree            func(ctx context.Context, commit git.OID, treePath string) ([]git.TreeEntry, error)
 	blobSize            func(ctx context.Context, oid git.OID) (int64, error)
 	blobReader          func(ctx context.Context, oid git.OID) (io.ReadCloser, error)
+	fetchRef            func(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string) error
+	pushRefWithLease    func(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string, expectedDstOID git.OID) error
 }
 
 func (f fakeGitAPI) TryResolveRefCommit(ctx context.Context, ref string) (git.OID, bool, error) {
@@ -86,6 +88,27 @@ func (f fakeGitAPI) UpdateRefCAS(ctx context.Context, ref string, newOID git.OID
 func (f fakeGitAPI) UpdateRef(ctx context.Context, ref string, newOID git.OID, msg string) error {
 	panic("unexpected call")
 }
+func (f fakeGitAPI) FetchRef(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string) error {
+	if f.fetchRef == nil {
+		panic("unexpected call")
+	}
+	return f.fetchRef(ctx, remote, srcRef, dstRef)
+}
+func (f fakeGitAPI) PushRefWithLease(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string, expectedDstOID git.OID) error {
+	if f.pushRefWithLease == nil {
+		panic("unexpected call")
+	}
+	return f.pushRefWithLease(ctx, remote, srcRef, dstRef, expectedDstOID)
+}
+func (f fakeGitAPI) MergeBase(ctx context.Context, a git.OID, b git.OID) (git.OID, bool, error) {
+	panic("unexpected call")
+}
+func (f fakeGitAPI) ListTreeRecursive(ctx context.Context, commit git.OID, treePath string) ([]git.TreeEntry, error) {
+	panic("unexpected call")
+}
+func (f fakeGitAPI) CommitTreeWithParents(ctx context.Context, tree git.OID, parents []git.OID, message string, author *git.Identity) (git.OID, error) {
+	panic("unexpected call")
+}
 
 func TestGitBlobstoreHelpers_resolveCommitForGet(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
diff --git a/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/api.go b/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/api.go
index cabda14d60..ea1ae76fa6 100644
--- a/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/api.go
+++ b/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/api.go
@@ -108,6 +108,34 @@ type GitAPI interface {
 	// Equivalent plumbing:
 	//   GIT_DIR=... git update-ref -m <msg> <ref> <new>
 	UpdateRef(ctx context.Context, ref string, newOID OID, msg string) error
+
+	// FetchRef fetches |srcRef| from |remote| and updates |dstRef| in the local repo.
+	// It is expected to be a forced update to keep local tracking refs in sync with remote truth.
+	// Equivalent plumbing:
+	//   GIT_DIR=... git fetch <remote> +<srcRef>:<dstRef>
+	FetchRef(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string) error
+
+	// PushRefWithLease pushes |srcRef| to |dstRef| on |remote|, but only if the remote's |dstRef|
+	// currently equals |expectedDstOID| (i.e. force-with-lease semantics).
+	// Equivalent plumbing:
+	//   GIT_DIR=... git push --force-with-lease=<dstRef>:<expectedDstOID> <remote> <srcRef>:<dstRef>
+	PushRefWithLease(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string, expectedDstOID OID) error
+
+	// MergeBase returns the merge-base OID for |a| and |b|, if one exists.
+	// Equivalent plumbing:
+	//   GIT_DIR=... git merge-base <a> <b>
+	MergeBase(ctx context.Context, a OID, b OID) (oid OID, ok bool, err error)
+
+	// ListTreeRecursive lists entries of the tree at |treePath| within |commit| recursively.
+	// For entries under a subdirectory, Name contains the relative path (e.g. "sub/x.txt").
+	// Equivalent plumbing:
+	//   GIT_DIR=... git ls-tree -r -t <commit>:<treePath>
+	ListTreeRecursive(ctx context.Context, commit OID, treePath string) ([]TreeEntry, error)
+
+	// CommitTreeWithParents creates a commit object from |tree| with zero or more |parents| and returns its oid.
+	// Equivalent plumbing:
+	//   GIT_DIR=... git commit-tree <tree> [-p <parent> ...] -m <message>
+	CommitTreeWithParents(ctx context.Context, tree OID, parents []OID, message string, author *Identity) (OID, error)
 }
 
 // TreeEntry describes one entry in a git tree listing.
diff --git a/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl.go b/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl.go
index 8e78ccfaf6..13cdc14f4a 100644
--- a/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl.go
+++ b/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl.go
@@ -144,6 +144,39 @@ func (a *GitAPIImpl) ListTree(ctx context.Context, commit OID, treePath string)
 	return entries, nil
 }
 
+func (a *GitAPIImpl) ListTreeRecursive(ctx context.Context, commit OID, treePath string) ([]TreeEntry, error) {
+	spec := commit.String()
+	if treePath != "" {
+		spec = spec + ":" + treePath
+	} else {
+		spec = spec + "^{tree}"
+	}
+
+	out, err := a.r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "ls-tree", "-r", "-t", spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		if isPathNotFoundErr(err) && treePath != "" {
+			return nil, &PathNotFoundError{Commit: commit.String(), Path: treePath}
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(string(out), "\n"), "\n")
+	if len(lines) == 1 && strings.TrimSpace(lines[0]) == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	entries := make([]TreeEntry, 0, len(lines))
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(line) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		e, err := parseLsTreeLine(line)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		entries = append(entries, e)
+	}
+	return entries, nil
+}
+
 func (a *GitAPIImpl) CatFileType(ctx context.Context, oid OID) (string, error) {
 	out, err := a.r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "cat-file", "-t", oid.String())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -262,6 +295,63 @@ func (a *GitAPIImpl) CommitTree(ctx context.Context, tree OID, parent *OID, mess
 	return OID(oid), nil
 }
 
+func (a *GitAPIImpl) CommitTreeWithParents(ctx context.Context, tree OID, parents []OID, message string, author *Identity) (OID, error) {
+	args := []string{"commit-tree", tree.String(), "-m", message}
+	for _, p := range parents {
+		if p == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		args = append(args, "-p", p.String())
+	}
+
+	var env []string
+	if author != nil {
+		if author.Name != "" {
+			env = append(env,
+				"GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="+author.Name,
+				"GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="+author.Name,
+			)
+		}
+		if author.Email != "" {
+			env = append(env,
+				"GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="+author.Email,
+				"GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL="+author.Email,
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
+	out, err := a.r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{Env: env}, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	oid := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+	if oid == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("git commit-tree returned empty oid")
+	}
+	return OID(oid), nil
+}
+
+func (a *GitAPIImpl) MergeBase(ctx context.Context, aOID OID, bOID OID) (oid OID, ok bool, err error) {
+	if aOID == "" {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("git merge-base: oid a is required")
+	}
+	if bOID == "" {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("git merge-base: oid b is required")
+	}
+	out, err := a.r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "merge-base", aOID.String(), bOID.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		if isNoMergeBaseErr(err) {
+			return "", false, nil
+		}
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+	if s == "" {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("git merge-base returned empty oid")
+	}
+	return OID(s), true, nil
+}
+
 func (a *GitAPIImpl) UpdateRefCAS(ctx context.Context, ref string, newOID OID, oldOID OID, msg string) error {
 	args := []string{"update-ref"}
 	if msg != "" {
@@ -282,6 +372,43 @@ func (a *GitAPIImpl) UpdateRef(ctx context.Context, ref string, newOID OID, msg
 	return err
 }
 
+func (a *GitAPIImpl) FetchRef(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string) error {
+	if remote == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git fetch: remote is required")
+	}
+	if srcRef == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git fetch: src ref is required")
+	}
+	if dstRef == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git fetch: dst ref is required")
+	}
+	// Forced refspec to keep tracking refs in sync with remote truth.
+	srcRef = strings.TrimPrefix(srcRef, "+")
+	refspec := "+" + srcRef + ":" + dstRef
+	_, err := a.r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "fetch", "--no-tags", remote, refspec)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (a *GitAPIImpl) PushRefWithLease(ctx context.Context, remote string, srcRef string, dstRef string, expectedDstOID OID) error {
+	if remote == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git push: remote is required")
+	}
+	if srcRef == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git push: src ref is required")
+	}
+	if dstRef == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git push: dst ref is required")
+	}
+	if expectedDstOID == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git push: expected dst oid is required")
+	}
+	srcRef = strings.TrimPrefix(srcRef, "+")
+	refspec := srcRef + ":" + dstRef
+	lease := "--force-with-lease=" + dstRef + ":" + expectedDstOID.String()
+	_, err := a.r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "push", "--porcelain", lease, remote, refspec)
+	return err
+}
+
 func isRefNotFoundErr(err error) bool {
 	ce, ok := err.(*CmdError)
 	if !ok {
@@ -298,6 +425,19 @@ func isRefNotFoundErr(err error) bool {
 		strings.Contains(msg, "not a valid object name")
 }
 
+func isNoMergeBaseErr(err error) bool {
+	ce, ok := err.(*CmdError)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	// `git merge-base <a> <b>` returns exit 1 when there is no merge base.
+	if ce.ExitCode == 1 {
+		msg := strings.ToLower(string(bytes.TrimSpace(ce.Output)))
+		return msg == "" || strings.Contains(msg, "no merge base")
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func isPathNotFoundErr(err error) bool {
 	ce, ok := err.(*CmdError)
 	if !ok {
diff --git a/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl_test.go b/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl_test.go
index 216cb880c7..0bcf770817 100644
--- a/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl_test.go
+++ b/go/store/blobstore/internal/git/impl_test.go
@@ -773,3 +773,388 @@ func TestGitAPIImpl_UpdateRef_And_CAS(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("ref changed unexpectedly: ok=%v got=%q want=%q", ok, got, c2)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGitAPIImpl_FetchRef_ForcedUpdatesTrackingRef(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	remoteRepo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	remoteRunner, err := NewRunner(remoteRepo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	remoteAPI := NewGitAPIImpl(remoteRunner)
+
+	// Create two commits on the same tree in the remote.
+	indexFile := tempIndexFile(t)
+	if err := remoteAPI.ReadTreeEmpty(ctx, indexFile); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	treeOID, err := remoteAPI.WriteTree(ctx, indexFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c1, err := remoteAPI.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "c1", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c2, err := remoteAPI.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "c2", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if c1 == c2 {
+		c2, err = remoteAPI.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "c2b", testAuthor())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if c1 == c2 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected distinct commit oids")
+		}
+	}
+
+	remoteDataRef := "refs/dolt/data"
+	if err := remoteAPI.UpdateRef(ctx, remoteDataRef, c2, "seed remote"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	localRepo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	localRunner, err := NewRunner(localRepo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, err = localRunner.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "remote", "add", "origin", remoteRepo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	localAPI := NewGitAPIImpl(localRunner)
+
+	dstRef := "refs/dolt/remotes/origin/data"
+	if err := localAPI.FetchRef(ctx, "origin", remoteDataRef, dstRef); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err := localAPI.ResolveRefCommit(ctx, dstRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != c2 {
+		t.Fatalf("tracking ref mismatch: got %q, want %q", got, c2)
+	}
+
+	// Rewind the remote ref to c1 and ensure a subsequent fetch forces the tracking ref backwards.
+	if err := remoteAPI.UpdateRef(ctx, remoteDataRef, c1, "rewind remote"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := localAPI.FetchRef(ctx, "origin", remoteDataRef, dstRef); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err = localAPI.ResolveRefCommit(ctx, dstRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != c1 {
+		t.Fatalf("tracking ref mismatch after rewind: got %q, want %q", got, c1)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitAPIImpl_PushRefWithLease_SucceedsThenRejectsStaleLease(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	remoteRepo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	remoteRunner, err := NewRunner(remoteRepo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	remoteAPI := NewGitAPIImpl(remoteRunner)
+
+	// Seed remote ref with r1, then later advance to r2.
+	indexFile := tempIndexFile(t)
+	if err := remoteAPI.ReadTreeEmpty(ctx, indexFile); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	treeOID, err := remoteAPI.WriteTree(ctx, indexFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r1, err := remoteAPI.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "r1", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r2, err := remoteAPI.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "r2", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if r1 == r2 {
+		r2, err = remoteAPI.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "r2b", testAuthor())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if r1 == r2 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected distinct commit oids")
+		}
+	}
+
+	remoteDataRef := "refs/dolt/data"
+	if err := remoteAPI.UpdateRef(ctx, remoteDataRef, r1, "seed remote"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	localRepo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	localRunner, err := NewRunner(localRepo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, err = localRunner.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "remote", "add", "origin", remoteRepo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	localAPI := NewGitAPIImpl(localRunner)
+
+	// Create a local commit l1 and set local refs/dolt/data to it (src ref for push).
+	localIndex := tempIndexFile(t)
+	if err := localAPI.ReadTreeEmpty(ctx, localIndex); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	localTree, err := localAPI.WriteTree(ctx, localIndex)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	l1, err := localAPI.CommitTree(ctx, localTree, nil, "l1", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := localAPI.UpdateRef(ctx, remoteDataRef, l1, "set local src"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Lease matches remote (r1) -> push should succeed and overwrite remoteDataRef to l1.
+	if err := localAPI.PushRefWithLease(ctx, "origin", remoteDataRef, remoteDataRef, r1); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got, err := remoteAPI.ResolveRefCommit(ctx, remoteDataRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != l1 {
+		t.Fatalf("remote ref mismatch after push: got %q, want %q", got, l1)
+	}
+
+	// Advance remote to r2, then attempt a stale-lease push expecting r1 -> should fail and not clobber r2.
+	if err := remoteAPI.UpdateRef(ctx, remoteDataRef, r2, "advance remote"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = localAPI.PushRefWithLease(ctx, "origin", remoteDataRef, remoteDataRef, r1)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stale lease push to fail")
+	}
+	got, err = remoteAPI.ResolveRefCommit(ctx, remoteDataRef)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != r2 {
+		t.Fatalf("remote ref changed unexpectedly on stale lease: got %q, want %q", got, r2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitAPIImpl_MergeBase_OkAndNoMergeBase(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	repo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r, err := NewRunner(repo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	api := NewGitAPIImpl(r)
+
+	// Base commit (empty tree).
+	indexFile := tempIndexFile(t)
+	if err := api.ReadTreeEmpty(ctx, indexFile); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	treeOID, err := api.WriteTree(ctx, indexFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	base, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "base", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Two children of base.
+	p := base
+	a, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, &p, "a", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	p = base
+	b, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, &p, "b", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	mb, ok, err := api.MergeBase(ctx, a, b)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected merge base")
+	}
+	if mb != base {
+		t.Fatalf("merge base mismatch: got %q, want %q", mb, base)
+	}
+
+	// No merge base: two unrelated root commits in the same repo.
+	c1, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "root1", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c2, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "root2", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	_, ok, err = api.MergeBase(ctx, c1, c2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no merge base")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitAPIImpl_ListTreeRecursive(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	repo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r, err := NewRunner(repo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	api := NewGitAPIImpl(r)
+
+	indexFile := tempIndexFile(t)
+	if err := api.ReadTreeEmpty(ctx, indexFile); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	oidA, err := api.HashObject(ctx, bytes.NewReader([]byte("a\n")))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	oidX, err := api.HashObject(ctx, bytes.NewReader([]byte("x\n")))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := api.UpdateIndexCacheInfo(ctx, indexFile, "100644", oidA, "dir/a.txt"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := api.UpdateIndexCacheInfo(ctx, indexFile, "100644", oidX, "dir/sub/x.txt"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	treeOID, err := api.WriteTree(ctx, indexFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	commitOID, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "seed", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	entries, err := api.ListTreeRecursive(ctx, commitOID, "dir")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	got := map[string]TreeEntry{}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		got[e.Name] = e
+	}
+	if e, ok := got["a.txt"]; !ok || e.Type != ObjectTypeBlob || e.OID != oidA {
+		t.Fatalf("missing or unexpected a.txt: ok=%v entry=%+v", ok, e)
+	}
+	if e, ok := got["sub"]; !ok || e.Type != ObjectTypeTree || e.OID == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("missing or unexpected sub tree: ok=%v entry=%+v", ok, e)
+	}
+	if e, ok := got["sub/x.txt"]; !ok || e.Type != ObjectTypeBlob || e.OID != oidX {
+		t.Fatalf("missing or unexpected sub/x.txt: ok=%v entry=%+v", ok, e)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGitAPIImpl_CommitTreeWithParents(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	repo, err := gitrepo.InitBareTemp(ctx, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r, err := NewRunner(repo.GitDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	api := NewGitAPIImpl(r)
+
+	indexFile := tempIndexFile(t)
+	if err := api.ReadTreeEmpty(ctx, indexFile); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	treeOID, err := api.WriteTree(ctx, indexFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	base, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, nil, "base", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	p := base
+	a, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, &p, "a", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	p = base
+	b, err := api.CommitTree(ctx, treeOID, &p, "b", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	merge, err := api.CommitTreeWithParents(ctx, treeOID, []OID{a, b}, "merge", testAuthor())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	out, err := r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "rev-parse", merge.String()+"^1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if gotP1 := string(bytes.TrimSpace(out)); gotP1 != a.String() {
+		t.Fatalf("parent1 mismatch: got %q, want %q", gotP1, a.String())
+	}
+	out, err = r.Run(ctx, RunOptions{}, "rev-parse", merge.String()+"^2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if gotP2 := string(bytes.TrimSpace(out)); gotP2 != b.String() {
+		t.Fatalf("parent2 mismatch: got %q, want %q", gotP2, b.String())
+	}
+}