Add support for individual database environment variables (#9344)

* Add support for individual database environment variables

- Add DATABASE_HOST, DATABASE_PORT, DATABASE_NAME, DATABASE_USER, DATABASE_PASSWORD env vars
- Implement mutual exclusivity validation between DATABASE_URL and individual components
- Add effectiveDatabaseUrl getter to construct URL from individual components
- Update database connection logic to use new configuration options
- Ensure backward compatibility with existing DATABASE_URL configuration

Resolves: https://github.com/outline/outline/discussions/9158

* Refactor database configuration methods

- Move effectiveDatabaseUrl method from env.ts to database.ts as getEffectiveDatabaseUrl function
- Remove validateDatabaseConfiguration method from env.ts as validation is handled by decorators
- Maintain clean separation of concerns between environment and database modules

* Pass database options directly to Sequelize constructor

- Replace URL construction with direct Sequelize configuration object
- Support both DATABASE_URL string and individual component object configurations
- Maintain common Sequelize options for both configuration types
- Improve error messaging for different configuration scenarios

* remove spurious comments

* tsc

---------

Co-authored-by: codegen-sh[bot] <131295404+codegen-sh[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Tom Moor <tom@getoutline.com>

server/utils/validators.ts

@@ -57,3 +57,33 @@ export function CannotUseWith(
     });
   };
 }
+
+export function CannotUseWithAny(
+  properties: string[],
+  validationOptions?: ValidationOptions
+) {
+  return function (object: Object, propertyName: string) {
+    registerDecorator({
+      name: "cannotUseWithAny",
+      target: object.constructor,
+      propertyName,
+      constraints: properties,
+      options: validationOptions,
+      validator: {
+        validate<T>(value: T, args: ValidationArguments) {
+          if (value === undefined) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          const obj = args.object as unknown as T;
+          const forbiddenProperties = args.constraints as (keyof T)[];
+          return forbiddenProperties.every((prop) => obj[prop] === undefined);
+        },
+        defaultMessage(args: ValidationArguments) {
+          return `${propertyName} cannot be used with any of: ${args.constraints.join(
+            ", "
+          )}.`;
+        },
+      },
+    });
+  };
+}